Climate risk in Mecca
Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia · 1.4M people in the urban area
What threatens Mecca most
- Water stress
- Extremely High WRI Aqueduct
- Drought
- High WRI Aqueduct
- Earthquake
- Low GSHAP
Tsunamis and landslides are not rated for a single city here. Climate risk profile of Saudi Arabia
Mecca had 231 days over 35 °C in 2025.
Riyadh: 183 days.
The highest of the 5 large cities in Saudi Arabia.
Mecca's climate in the 2050s
2041-2060 compared with 1991-2020, moderate emissions
By the 2050s, Mecca's climate will still be more like its own today than any other large city's. The nearest other is Omdurman (Sudan).
+1.6°C
Mean temperature over the year
+1.6°C
Highest in the warmest month
+1.5°C
Lowest in the coldest month
+25%
Precipitation over the year
Under high emissions, Mecca would stay nearest its own climate today.
Its own climate today is 4.5 σ away. How close the match is: 14.0 σ to the climate of Omdurman today, where under 2 is close and over 4 is no match (Mahony et al. 2017). 3 of 3 climate model runs name the same city. Seasonal temperature and rain are compared, not extremes, city heat or the sea.
Where else Mecca stands out
46.9°C
Hottest day of 2025
Riyadh: 46.3°C.
The highest of the 5 large cities in Saudi Arabia.
Higher than in 99% of the world's 630 large cities
297 days
Tropical nights in 2025, over 20 °C
Riyadh: 193 days.
Higher than in 86% of the world's 630 large cities
Hazards at Mecca
Read at the city's centre and compared with the Atlas's 630 large cities. Moderate emissions is the IPCC's scenario SSP2-4.5.
| Hazard | Mecca | Among large cities | In Saudi Arabia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot days in 2025, over 35 °C | 231 days | Among large cities: above 99% | In Saudi Arabia: 1 of 5 |
| Tropical nights in 2025, over 20 °C | 297 days | Among large cities: above 86% | In Saudi Arabia: 2 of 5 |
| Hottest day of 2025 | 46.9°C | Among large cities: above 99% | In Saudi Arabia: 1 of 5 |
| Warming by 2050, moderate emissions | +1.9°C | Among large cities: above 45% | In Saudi Arabia: 5 of 5 |
| Days with 20 mm of rain or more in 2025 | 1 day | Among large cities: above 7% | In Saudi Arabia: 1 of 5 |
| River flood depth, 100-year event | Dry at the city centre point | ||
| Coastal flood depth, 100-year event | Dry at the city centre point | ||
| Water stress | Extremely High (>80%) | Among large cities: above 70% | In Saudi Arabia: 1 of 4 |
| Drought risk | High | Among large cities: above 50% | |
| Earthquake shaking, once in 475 years | 0.4 m/s² | Among large cities: above 40% | In Saudi Arabia: 2 of 4 |
| Land burned in an average year | 0% | ||
| Cyclone wind, once in 100 years | 0 m/s |
Flood depth is read in a single 1 km cell at the city's centre, in today's climate. Other parts of the city can still flood. The country page names the deepest point near a coastal city in 2080, so its figure can be higher. See how deep a river flood reaches around Mecca on the live map
See the hottest days around Mecca on the live map
46.9°C © OpenStreetMap Large cities in Saudi Arabia
Cite or embed
Cite this page
In a line
Source: Criora (criora.com), based on ECMWF, NEX-GDDP-CMIP6, WRI, IPCC, GSHAP, GFED500
APA
Criora. (2026). Mecca, Saudi Arabia: climate risk profile [Data set]. Retrieved November 2, 2026, from https://criora.com/atlas/SAU/mecca BibTeX
@misc{criora_atlas_SAU_mecca_2026,
author = {{Criora}},
title = {Mecca, Saudi Arabia: climate risk profile},
year = {2026},
url = {https://criora.com/atlas/SAU/mecca},
urldate = {2026-11-02}
} Each reading stays under its source's terms; the sources are named on this page.
Embed on your site
<iframe src="https://criora.com/embed/atlas/SAU/mecca" title="Mecca, Saudi Arabia: climate risk, by Criora" width="100%" height="140" loading="lazy" style="max-width:420px;border:0"></iframe> <p><a href="https://criora.com/atlas/SAU/mecca?ref=embed" rel="nofollow">Source: Criora</a></p>
Free, no account needed. The widget has no script and shows the figures of this page. Keep its link to the source.