Climate risk in Rotterdam
South Holland, Netherlands · 1M people in the urban area
What threatens Rotterdam most
- Drought
- Medium-High WRI Aqueduct
- Water stress
- Low WRI Aqueduct
- Earthquake
- Low GSHAP
Tsunamis and landslides are not rated for a single city here. Climate risk profile of Netherlands
The sea at Rotterdam is projected to rise 247 mm by 2050 under moderate emissions.
The Hague: 244 mm.
The highest of the 3 large cities in Netherlands.
Rotterdam's climate in the 2050s
2041-2060 compared with 1991-2020, moderate emissions
By the 2050s, Rotterdam is projected to have the climate that Brussels (Belgium) has today.
+1.2°C
Mean temperature over the year
+1.6°C
Highest in the warmest month
+1°C
Lowest in the coldest month
-1%
Precipitation over the year
Under high emissions, Rotterdam would have the climate that Duisburg (Germany) has today.
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How close the match is: 0.0 σ to the climate of Brussels today, where under 2 is close and over 4 is no match (Mahony et al. 2017). 2 of 3 climate model runs name the same city. Seasonal temperature and rain are compared, not extremes, city heat or the sea.
Hazards at Rotterdam
Read at the city's centre and compared with the Atlas's 630 large cities. Moderate emissions is the IPCC's scenario SSP2-4.5.
| Hazard | Rotterdam | Among large cities | In Netherlands |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot days in 2025, over 35 °C | 0 days | ||
| Tropical nights in 2025, over 20 °C | 0 days | ||
| Hottest day of 2025 | 34.7°C | Among large cities: above 35% | In Netherlands: 1 of 3 |
| Warming by 2050, moderate emissions | +1.4°C | Among large cities: above 14% | In Netherlands: 1 of 3 |
| Days with 20 mm of rain or more in 2025 | 0 days | ||
| River flood depth, 100-year event | Dry at the city centre point | ||
| Coastal flood depth, 100-year event | Dry at the city centre point | ||
| Sea level rise by 2050, moderate emissions | 247 mm | Among large cities: above 81% | In Netherlands: 1 of 3 |
| Water stress | Low (<10%) | Among large cities: above 0% | In Netherlands: 1 of 3 |
| Drought risk | Medium-High | Among large cities: above 13% | In Netherlands: 1 of 3 |
| Earthquake shaking, once in 475 years | 0.29 m/s² | Among large cities: above 30% | In Netherlands: 1 of 3 |
| Land burned in an average year | 0% | ||
| Cyclone wind, once in 100 years | 0 m/s |
Flood depth is read in a single 1 km cell at the city's centre, in today's climate. Other parts of the city can still flood. The country page names the deepest point near a coastal city in 2080, so its figure can be higher. See how deep a river flood reaches around Rotterdam on the live map
See the hottest days around Rotterdam on the live map
34.7°C © OpenStreetMap Large cities in Netherlands
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In a line
Source: Criora (criora.com), based on ECMWF, NEX-GDDP-CMIP6, WRI, IPCC, GSHAP, GFED500
APA
Criora. (2026). Rotterdam, Netherlands: climate risk profile [Data set]. Retrieved November 2, 2026, from https://criora.com/atlas/NLD/rotterdam BibTeX
@misc{criora_atlas_NLD_rotterdam_2026,
author = {{Criora}},
title = {Rotterdam, Netherlands: climate risk profile},
year = {2026},
url = {https://criora.com/atlas/NLD/rotterdam},
urldate = {2026-11-02}
} Each reading stays under its source's terms; the sources are named on this page.
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