What drives Netherlands's risk?

Netherlands's highest pressures are climate (62, high) and governance (46). Its strongest area is social (22).

How might Netherlands's climate change by 2080?

Netherlands's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will Netherlands warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Netherlands is on track to warm by +2.9 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +20 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.1 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along Netherlands's coast?

Coastal sea level along Netherlands is projected to rise by +0.81 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.60 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in Netherlands?

The share of Netherlands under high water stress is projected to move from 18% today to 19% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in Netherlands?

The share of Netherlands exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 0.7% today to 0.7% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was Netherlands's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

Netherlands Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Europe
Subregion: Western Europe
Income: High income, OECD
ISO: NLD

Netherlands: low across the board; strong social keeps overall risk contained.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is Netherlands, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Low 38 / 100

62 Climate High
26 Nature +0.8 Low
22 Social Low
46 Governance Medium
33 Adaptation +1.1 Low

Which hazards threaten Netherlands most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

8.6FloodCritical
3.8DRR capacityLow

Netherlands in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

Western Europe

#7 of 9 · median 36

Europe

#21 of 43 · median 38

High income: OECD

#20 of 31 · median 37

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

Compare Score a site here

Netherlands: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Netherlands is projected to warm +2.9 °C, with annual rainfall changing +20 mm.

+2.9 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +2.5 °C → +2.9 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +1.4 °C → +2.1 °C

Hottest month +4.8 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

+20 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +5 mm → +20 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +32 mm → +16 mm

Driest month +2 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

19%

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 19% → 19%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 19% → 19%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 18% today.

0.7%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 0% → 0.7%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 0.7% → 0.8%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 0.7% today.

Sea level

Netherlands: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 8 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.27 m → +0.81 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.24 m → +0.60 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Coastal Protection Needed	100 % coast	2020	100.0	+15.7	+20.8
Energy Imports	87.6 % of energy use	2023	97.8	+4.6	+3.6
Renewable Energy Share	12.2 % of total energy	2021	87.3	+11.9	+9.5
Flood Risk	8.60 0-10	2026	86.0	+34.0	+27.0
Fossil Fuel Consumption	83.5 % of total	2023	84.9	+18.9	+24.3
Renewable Electricity Share	33.1 % of total	2021	66.9	-8.2	+6.8
Land Surface Temperature	14.4 deg C change	2021	38.4	-26.3	0.0
Heating Degree Days	4676 degree days	2020	32.1	+30.7	-4.7
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	7.47 metric tons	2020	23.8	+16.1	+8.8
Energy Use Per Capita	3399 kg oil eq per capita	2023	21.4	+4.7	+3.3
Coal Electricity Share	8.82 % of total	2023	14.6	0.0	+5.2
Energy Intensity	2.53 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2022	12.2	-7.0	-2.3
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.48 kt CO2e per capita	2020	11.2	+4.2	+0.6
PM2.5 Air Pollution	10.9 ug/m3	2020	7.5	-11.7	-0.4
Cooling Degree Days	227 degree days	2020	3.1	-48.7	-0.6
Heat Index	0.00 index	2020	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Access to Clean Fuels	100 % population	2022	0.0	-10.3	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+86.5	+89.6
Population Below 5m	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+85.3	+90.4
Urban Concentration	0.93 0-1	2023	92.6	+35.2	+20.4
Forest Area	11.0 % of land	2022	88.3	+22.0	+23.7
Water Dependency Ratio	0.88 0-1	2023	87.9	+81.0	+72.7
Energy Import Dependency	0.88 0-1	2023	87.6	+61.9	+38.7
Dam Capacity	0.87 0-1	2023	87.0	-6.3	-4.5
Freshwater Withdrawal	72.2 % of internal resources	2021	84.9	+34.6	+34.6
Projected Warm Period Change	0.77 0-1	2023	77.1	+9.3	+3.6
Protected Areas	25.3 % of land	2023	74.7	-14.2	-7.4
Food Production Index	101 index	2022	71.9	+4.8	-0.4
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.66 0-1	2023	65.8	0.0	0.0
Agricultural Land	53.6 % of land	2022	63.2	+15.9	+12.2
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.62 0-1	2023	61.9	+54.4	+54.1
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.55 0-1	2023	55.3	-2.3	-10.6
Age Dependency Ratio	0.52 0-1	2023	52.1	-0.6	0.0
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.50 0-1	2023	50.0	-34.2	-9.9
Natural Capital Dependency	0.48 0-1	2023	47.8	+26.0	+19.3
Projected Hydropower Change	0.44 0-1	2023	43.7	0.0	-1.7
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.39 0-1	2023	39.0	+1.8	-0.6
Projected Groundwater Change	0.32 0-1	2023	31.9	+5.7	+6.3
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.28 0-1	2023	28.0	-11.6	+4.3
Protected Biome Areas	0.24 0-1	2023	24.2	-16.8	+4.7
Agricultural Capacity	0.23 0-1	2023	22.6	-69.2	-60.1
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.21 0-1	2023	20.6	+2.3	+11.0
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.21 0-1	2023	20.5	-41.6	-18.0
Food Import Dependency	0.19 0-1	2023	18.6	-3.1	+1.9
Earthquake Risk	1.80 0-10	2026	18.0	-17.0	-13.5
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.13 0-1	2023	12.6	-63.7	-33.5
Projected Population Change	0.12 0-1	2023	12.2	-10.1	+3.6
Paved Roads	0.10 0-1	2023	10.1	-44.9	0.0
Disaster Preparedness	0.10 0-1	2023	10.0	-20.0	-22.5
Rural Population	0.07 0-1	2023	7.4	-35.2	-20.4
Agriculture GDP Share	1.72 % of GDP	2023	4.8	-14.1	-1.4
Water Bodies Extent	95.9 % of land	2020	4.1	-17.5	-15.0
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.03 0-1	2023	3.0	-27.3	0.0
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.03 0-1	2023	2.5	-36.8	-7.9
Ecological Footprint	0.02 0-1	2023	2.1	-20.5	-1.9
Threatened Mammal Species	3.00 count	2018	1.6	-3.6	-0.5
Natural Resource Depletion	0.30 % of GNI	2021	0.5	-1.6	+0.2
Water Stress	16.1 %	2021	0.4	+0.1	+0.2
Tsunami Risk	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-11.0	0.0
Tree Cover Loss	2457 hectares	2021	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Forest Depletion	0.00 % of GNI	2021	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-86.5	-30.8
Child Malnutrition	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-13.8	0.0
Access to Reliable Drinking Water	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-20.4	-2.1
Dependency Ratio	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-6.8	0.0
Slum Population	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-16.5	0.0
Electricity Access	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Hospital Beds	2.91 per 1,000	2020	78.4	-0.6	+12.5
Uprooted People	7.40 0-10	2026	74.0	+15.0	+4.5
Education Expenditure	11.6 % of govt	2022	70.8	+5.9	-6.0
Net Migration	144558 persons	2023	60.0	+5.0	+4.8
Primary School Enrollment	104 % gross	2022	58.7	-4.9	-4.4
School Gender Parity	1.01 ratio	2020	55.2	-1.6	-4.2
Aging Population	20.2 % population	2023	53.4	+37.0	0.0
GDP Growth	0.07 % annual	2023	53.3	+4.4	+3.0
Overweight Adults	45.9 % adults	2022	44.1	-11.9	-13.3
Shared Prosperity Growth	1.77 % annual	2021	37.3	-12.9	-12.7
Gender Labor Ratio	87.0 ratio F/M	2023	18.0	-9.0	-3.3
Poverty Rate (National)	14.5 % population	2021	15.0	-5.6	-1.9
Life Expectancy	81.9 years	2023	14.0	-25.5	-1.2
Fertility Rate	1.43 births per woman	2023	13.1	-10.2	-0.2
Income Share Bottom 20%	9.40 %	2021	11.3	-28.8	-23.2
Food Security	1.00 0-10	2026	10.0	-8.0	+2.5
Unemployment Rate	3.54 %	2023	9.7	-4.5	-5.4
ESG Performance Score	2.50 0-100	2018	7.8	-17.2	-5.4
Communicable Disease Deaths	6.00 %	2019	7.4	-8.7	+2.0
Gini Coefficient	25.7 0-100	2021	5.2	-27.6	-18.9
Labor Participation	85.5 % (15+)	2023	5.0	-25.1	-13.6
Internet Users	97.0 % population	2023	3.4	-17.5	-6.2
Children Under 5	0.30 0-10	2026	3.0	-8.0	0.0
Population Density	526 people/km2	2022	2.8	+2.3	+2.3
Sanitation Access	97.5 % population	2022	2.6	-37.4	-7.7
Under-5 Mortality Rate	4.00 per 1,000	2023	2.3	-9.9	+0.4
Health Conditions	0.20 0-10	2026	2.0	-6.0	0.0
Aid Dependency	0.10 0-10	2026	1.0	-24.0	-5.0
Development and Deprivation	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-30.0	0.0
Recent Shocks	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-1.0	0.0
Access to Electricity	100 % population	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0
Undernourishment	2.50 % population	2022	0.0	-5.8	0.0
Safe Drinking Water	100.0 % population	2022	0.0	-21.5	-2.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	2080 count	2021	99.9	-0.1	-0.1
Scientific Articles	34311 count	2022	96.2	-3.7	-2.8
Legal Rights Strength	2.00 0-12	2019	83.3	+33.3	+33.3
R&D Expenditure	2.26 % of GDP	2022	62.9	-25.1	-14.2
Disaster Risk Reduction	3.80 0-10	2026	38.0	-3.5	+3.0
Political Stability	0.66 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	36.8	-13.0	-1.2
Women in Parliament	40.0 % seats	2023	34.7	-23.5	-8.8
INFORM Governance Index	1.90 0-10	2026	19.0	-37.0	-17.5
Voice and Accountability	1.56 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	18.9	-30.0	-9.6
Government Effectiveness	1.63 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	17.5	-34.2	-11.8
Rule of Law	1.64 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	17.1	-35.9	-11.5
Regulatory Quality	1.79 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	14.2	-38.5	-17.2
Communication Infrastructure	1.30 0-10	2026	13.0	-7.0	-1.0
Control of Corruption	1.87 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	12.7	-42.9	-21.9
Healthcare Access	0.10 0-10	2026	1.0	-36.0	-4.5
Physical Infrastructure	0.10 0-10	2026	1.0	-29.0	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Education (Readiness)	0.54 0-1	2023	46.4	-26.6	-8.5
Innovation (Readiness)	0.57 0-1	2023	43.2	-51.5	-31.3
Doing Business Score	0.60 0-1	2023	40.2	-18.2	-4.0
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.63 0-1	2023	37.3	-14.2	-0.8
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.68 0-1	2023	31.7	-11.4	-1.0
ICT Infrastructure	0.71 0-1	2023	29.4	-18.3	-3.8
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.83 0-1	2023	16.8	-35.2	-11.3
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.85 0-1	2023	14.6	-49.7	-25.2
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.86 0-1	2023	14.0	-38.6	-17.1

These indicators have site-level resolution. Score your exact location.

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is Netherlands?
Netherlands: low across the board; strong social keeps overall risk contained. Its overall risk score is 38 out of 100 (low), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Netherlands's risk?
Netherlands's highest pressures are climate (62, high) and governance (46). Its strongest area is social (22).
How might Netherlands's climate change by 2080?
Netherlands's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Netherlands warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Netherlands is on track to warm by +2.9 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +20 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.1 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along Netherlands's coast?
Coastal sea level along Netherlands is projected to rise by +0.81 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.60 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in Netherlands?
The share of Netherlands under high water stress is projected to move from 18% today to 19% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Netherlands?
The share of Netherlands exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 0.7% today to 0.7% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Netherlands's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.