Greece: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure, easing recently. Its overall risk score is 43 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

What drives Greece's risk?

Greece's highest pressures are governance (58, medium) and nature (48). Its strongest area is social (25).

How might Greece's climate change by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 24% of Greece's land shifts toward a drier, more arid zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 75 to 74 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will Greece warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Greece is on track to warm by +4.0 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by -53 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.7 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along Greece's coast?

Coastal sea level along Greece is projected to rise by +0.70 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.52 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in Greece?

The share of Greece under high water stress is projected to move from 93% today to 98% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in Greece?

The share of Greece exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 3.5% today to 0.4% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was Greece's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

Greece Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Europe
Subregion: Southern Europe
Income: High income, OECD
ISO: GRC

Greece: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure, easing recently.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is Greece, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Medium 43 / 100

36 Climate Low
48 Nature -0.3 Medium
25 Social Low
58 Governance Medium
47 Adaptation -3.6 Medium

Which hazards threaten Greece most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

3.8FloodLow

Greece in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

Southern Europe

#8 of 14 · median 42

Europe

#32 of 43 · median 38

High income: OECD

#30 of 31 · median 37

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

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Greece: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Greece is projected to warm +4.0 °C, with annual rainfall changing -53 mm.

+4.0 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +3.0 °C → +4.0 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +2.4 °C → +2.7 °C

Hottest month +5.8 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

-53 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: -25 mm → -53 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: -11 mm → -24 mm

Driest month -2 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

98%

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 96% → 98%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 96% → 96%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 93% today.

0.4%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 0.8% → 0.4%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 0.2% → 0.3%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 3.5% today.

Sea level

Greece: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 8 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.22 m → +0.70 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.20 m → +0.52 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Energy Imports	90.3 % of energy use	2023	98.1	+4.9	+3.9
Fossil Fuel Consumption	79.1 % of total	2023	79.8	+13.8	+19.2
Renewable Energy Share	21.5 % of total energy	2021	77.7	+2.3	-0.1
Renewable Electricity Share	40.5 % of total	2021	59.5	-15.6	-0.6
Land Surface Temperature	21.7 deg C change	2021	53.4	-11.3	+15.0
Drought Index (SPEI)	-0.81 index	2021	40.0	-6.4	-14.4
Flood Risk	3.80 0-10	2026	38.0	-14.0	-21.0
Heating Degree Days	3222 degree days	2020	22.1	+20.7	-14.7
Coal Electricity Share	9.64 % of total	2023	20.7	+6.1	+11.3
Cooling Degree Days	1237 degree days	2020	16.9	-34.9	+13.2
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	4.77 metric tons	2020	15.1	+7.4	+0.1
Energy Intensity	2.58 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2022	12.5	-6.7	-2.0
PM2.5 Air Pollution	14.4 ug/m3	2020	11.9	-7.3	+4.0
Energy Use Per Capita	1869 kg oil eq per capita	2023	11.8	-4.9	-6.3
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.41 kt CO2e per capita	2020	9.7	+2.7	-0.9
Heat Index	0.00 index	2020	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Access to Clean Fuels	100 % population	2022	0.0	-10.3	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Energy Import Dependency	0.90 0-1	2023	90.3	+64.6	+41.4
Protected Areas	11.0 % of land	2023	88.9	0.0	+6.8
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.82 0-1	2023	81.7	-4.8	+50.9
Earthquake Risk	8.00 0-10	2026	80.0	+45.0	+48.5
Urban Concentration	0.79 0-1	2023	79.2	+21.8	+7.0
Tsunami Risk	7.20 0-10	2026	72.0	+61.0	+72.0
Food Production Index	103 index	2022	70.2	+3.1	-2.1
Dam Capacity	0.70 0-1	2023	70.1	-23.2	-21.4
Projected Warm Period Change	0.70 0-1	2023	69.9	+2.2	-3.6
Agricultural Capacity	0.68 0-1	2023	68.1	-23.7	-14.6
Forest Area	30.3 % of land	2022	68.0	+1.7	+3.4
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.66 0-1	2023	66.5	-17.7	+6.6
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.66 0-1	2023	65.8	0.0	0.0
Freshwater Withdrawal	17.6 % of internal resources	2021	64.0	+13.7	+13.7
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.64 0-1	2023	63.9	+26.6	+24.3
Water Bodies Extent	40.6 % of land	2020	59.4	+37.8	+40.3
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.56 0-1	2023	56.5	-1.1	-9.4
Age Dependency Ratio	0.57 0-1	2023	56.5	+3.8	+4.4
Agricultural Land	44.3 % of land	2022	52.2	+4.9	+1.2
Projected Hydropower Change	0.48 0-1	2023	47.9	+4.2	+2.5
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.40 0-1	2023	40.2	+0.6	+16.5
Natural Capital Dependency	0.33 0-1	2023	33.4	+11.6	+4.9
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.33 0-1	2023	33.3	-28.9	-5.2
Population Below 5m	0.31 0-1	2023	30.9	+16.1	+21.3
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	0.30 0-1	2023	30.3	+16.8	+19.9
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.28 0-1	2023	28.2	+9.8	+18.6
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.24 0-1	2023	24.3	-52.0	-21.8
Rural Population	0.21 0-1	2023	20.8	-21.8	-7.0
Protected Biome Areas	0.19 0-1	2023	19.1	-21.9	-0.4
Food Import Dependency	0.19 0-1	2023	18.9	-2.8	+2.1
Projected Groundwater Change	0.17 0-1	2023	17.2	-9.0	-8.4
Water Dependency Ratio	0.15 0-1	2023	15.2	+8.3	0.0
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.15 0-1	2023	15.1	+7.6	+7.3
Agriculture GDP Share	3.34 % of GDP	2023	9.3	-9.6	+3.2
Paved Roads	0.08 0-1	2023	8.1	-46.9	-2.0
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.08 0-1	2023	7.9	-31.4	-2.5
Threatened Mammal Species	10.0 count	2018	5.2	0.0	+3.1
Projected Population Change	0.05 0-1	2023	4.9	-17.4	-3.7
Ecological Footprint	0.04 0-1	2023	4.0	-18.6	0.0
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.03 0-1	2023	3.0	-27.3	0.0
Access to Reliable Drinking Water	0.01 0-1	2023	1.1	-19.3	-1.0
Tree Cover Loss	49039 hectares	2021	0.8	+0.7	+0.6
Dependency Ratio	0.01 0-1	2023	0.7	-6.1	+0.7
Water Stress	20.7 %	2021	0.5	+0.2	+0.3
Natural Resource Depletion	0.06 % of GNI	2021	0.1	-2.0	-0.2
Child Malnutrition	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-13.8	0.0
Slum Population	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-16.5	0.0
Electricity Access	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0
Forest Depletion	0.01 % of GNI	2021	0.0	-0.1	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Education Expenditure	7.11 % of govt	2021	89.0	+19.0	+12.2
Uprooted People	6.90 0-10	2026	69.0	+10.0	-0.5
Hospital Beds	4.24 per 1,000	2019	68.0	-12.9	+2.3
School Gender Parity	0.98 ratio	2020	65.9	+9.1	+6.5
Overweight Adults	61.4 % adults	2022	63.6	+7.6	+6.3
Aging Population	23.5 % population	2023	63.0	+46.6	+9.6
Primary School Enrollment	101 % gross	2022	62.1	-1.5	-1.0
GDP Growth	2.33 % annual	2023	49.8	+0.9	-0.5
Net Migration	-159430 persons	2023	49.6	-5.4	-5.6
Shared Prosperity Growth	3.34 % annual	2022	48.7	-11.1	-8.9
Income Share Bottom 20%	7.20 %	2022	44.4	0.0	+8.3
Unemployment Rate	11.1 %	2023	31.3	+17.1	+16.3
Gender Labor Ratio	75.0 ratio F/M	2023	30.4	+3.4	+9.1
Gini Coefficient	33.4 0-100	2022	30.3	-0.4	+7.2
Labor Participation	69.3 % (15+)	2023	29.9	-0.2	+11.3
Poverty Rate (National)	18.8 % population	2021	21.2	+0.6	+4.3
Communicable Disease Deaths	12.9 %	2019	18.1	+2.0	+12.7
ESG Performance Score	2.37 0-100	2018	17.7	-7.3	+4.5
Internet Users	85.0 % population	2023	16.9	-4.0	+7.3
Life Expectancy	81.5 years	2023	15.2	-24.3	0.0
Fertility Rate	1.32 births per woman	2023	11.1	-12.2	-2.2
Food Security	1.10 0-10	2026	11.0	-7.0	+3.5
Sanitation Access	92.2 % population	2022	8.1	-31.9	-2.2
Children Under 5	0.30 0-10	2026	3.0	-8.0	0.0
Under-5 Mortality Rate	3.70 per 1,000	2023	2.0	-10.2	+0.1
Health Conditions	0.20 0-10	2026	2.0	-6.0	0.0
Safe Drinking Water	98.9 % population	2022	1.2	-20.3	-0.8
Aid Dependency	0.10 0-10	2026	1.0	-24.0	-5.0
Recent Shocks	0.10 0-10	2026	1.0	0.0	+1.0
Population Density	81.0 people/km2	2022	0.4	-0.1	-0.1
Development and Deprivation	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-30.0	0.0
Access to Electricity	100 % population	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0
Undernourishment	2.50 % population	2022	0.0	-5.8	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	394 count	2021	100.0	0.0	0.0
Scientific Articles	15105 count	2022	98.3	-1.6	-0.7
Legal Rights Strength	2.00 0-12	2019	83.3	+33.3	+33.3
R&D Expenditure	1.49 % of GDP	2022	75.8	-12.2	-1.3
Women in Parliament	23.0 % seats	2023	62.4	+4.2	+18.9
INFORM Governance Index	4.90 0-10	2026	49.0	-7.0	+12.5
Control of Corruption	0.10 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	48.0	-7.6	+13.4
Government Effectiveness	0.15 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	47.0	-4.7	+17.7
Rule of Law	0.21 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	45.7	-7.3	+17.1
Political Stability	0.24 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	45.2	-4.6	+7.2
Regulatory Quality	0.58 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	38.4	-14.4	+7.0
Voice and Accountability	1.01 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	29.8	-19.1	+1.3
Communication Infrastructure	1.90 0-10	2026	19.0	-1.0	+5.0
Healthcare Access	0.60 0-10	2026	6.0	-31.0	+0.5
Physical Infrastructure	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-30.0	-1.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Innovation (Readiness)	0.18 0-1	2023	82.2	-12.5	+7.7
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.45 0-1	2023	55.2	-9.1	+15.4
Doing Business Score	0.45 0-1	2023	54.7	-3.7	+10.5
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.49 0-1	2023	51.5	0.0	+13.4
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.55 0-1	2023	44.9	-7.1	+16.8
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.61 0-1	2023	38.9	-4.2	+6.2
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.62 0-1	2023	38.1	-14.5	+7.0
ICT Infrastructure	0.71 0-1	2023	28.9	-18.8	-4.3
Education (Readiness)	1.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-73.0	-54.9

These indicators have site-level resolution. Score your exact location.

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is Greece?
Greece: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure, easing recently. Its overall risk score is 43 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Greece's risk?
Greece's highest pressures are governance (58, medium) and nature (48). Its strongest area is social (25).
How might Greece's climate change by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 24% of Greece's land shifts toward a drier, more arid zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 75 to 74 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Greece warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Greece is on track to warm by +4.0 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by -53 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.7 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along Greece's coast?
Coastal sea level along Greece is projected to rise by +0.70 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.52 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in Greece?
The share of Greece under high water stress is projected to move from 93% today to 98% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Greece?
The share of Greece exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 3.5% today to 0.4% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Greece's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.