What drives United States of America's risk?

United States of America's highest pressures are climate (58, medium) and nature (47). Its strongest area is social (25).

How might United States of America's climate change by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 23% of United States of America's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 70 to 71 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will United States of America warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), United States of America is on track to warm by +4.3 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +44 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +3.2 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along United States of America's coast?

Coastal sea level along United States of America is projected to rise by +0.70 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.52 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in United States of America?

The share of United States of America under high water stress is projected to move from 21% today to 32% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in United States of America?

The share of United States of America exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 2% today to 2.5% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was United States of America's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

United States of America Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Americas
Subregion: Northern America
Income: High income, OECD
ISO: USA

United States of America: mid-pack overall, with climate the main pressure.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is United States of America, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Medium 40 / 100

58 Climate Medium
47 Nature +0.2 Medium
25 Social Low
37 Governance Low
35 Adaptation +2.3 Low

Which hazards threaten United States of America most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

7.5FloodHigh
2.9DRR capacityLow

United States of America in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

Northern America

#2 of 2 · median 39

Americas

#11 of 35 · median 44

High income: OECD

#25 of 31 · median 37

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

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United States of America: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, United States of America is projected to warm +4.3 °C, with annual rainfall changing +44 mm.

+4.3 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +3.3 °C → +4.3 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +2.7 °C → +3.2 °C

Hottest month +4.4 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

+44 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +32 mm → +44 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +30 mm → +34 mm

Driest month +2 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

32%

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 28% → 32%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 25% → 22%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 21% today.

2.5%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 2.2% → 2.5%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 2% → 2.4%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 2% today.

Sea level

United States of America: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 8 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.21 m → +0.70 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.20 m → +0.52 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Renewable Energy Share	10.9 % of total energy	2021	88.7	+13.3	+8.3
Energy Imports	-8.35 % of energy use	2023	86.5	-6.7	0.0
Fossil Fuel Consumption	81.6 % of total	2023	82.7	+16.7	+7.4
Renewable Electricity Share	20.3 % of total	2021	79.7	+4.6	+11.6
Flood Risk	7.50 0-10	2026	75.0	+23.0	+33.0
Coastal Protection Needed	72.3 % coast	2020	64.0	-20.3	-5.3
Land Surface Temperature	18.3 deg C change	2021	46.3	-18.4	-19.0
Heating Degree Days	6469 degree days	2020	44.4	+42.9	+44.4
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	13.0 metric tons	2020	41.5	+33.8	+34.6
Energy Use Per Capita	6392 kg oil eq per capita	2023	40.2	+23.5	+30.9
Coal Electricity Share	16.8 % of total	2023	27.8	+13.2	+9.2
Energy Intensity	4.17 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2022	24.9	+5.7	+9.3
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.78 kt CO2e per capita	2020	18.2	+11.2	+11.0
Cooling Degree Days	1195 degree days	2020	16.4	-35.4	-49.7
PM2.5 Air Pollution	7.81 ug/m3	2020	3.6	-15.6	-15.0
Heat Index	1.29 index	2020	0.9	+0.8	+0.7
Access to Clean Fuels	100 % population	2022	0.0	-10.3	-5.5

		Year		vs world	vs region
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+62.8	+53.2
Protected Areas	15.9 % of land	2023	84.1	-4.8	-5.9
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.83 0-1	2023	82.8	-3.7	-11.3
Urban Concentration	0.82 0-1	2023	82.0	+24.6	+14.9
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.79 0-1	2023	79.3	+39.7	+29.9
Earthquake Risk	7.70 0-10	2026	77.0	+42.0	+18.0
Agricultural Capacity	0.75 0-1	2023	75.2	-16.6	-15.8
Projected Warm Period Change	0.72 0-1	2023	72.5	+4.8	+20.5
Tsunami Risk	7.20 0-10	2026	72.0	+61.0	+35.0
Food Production Index	101 index	2022	72.0	+4.9	+1.7
Water Bodies Extent	33.7 % of land	2020	66.3	+44.7	+34.4
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.66 0-1	2023	65.8	0.0	0.0
Forest Area	33.9 % of land	2022	64.2	-2.1	+11.6
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.62 0-1	2023	62.4	+4.8	+6.5
Freshwater Withdrawal	15.8 % of internal resources	2021	60.5	+10.2	+23.9
Agricultural Land	45.1 % of land	2022	53.1	+5.8	+18.7
Age Dependency Ratio	0.51 0-1	2023	51.4	-1.4	+4.6
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.50 0-1	2023	50.2	-34.0	-32.1
Dam Capacity	0.46 0-1	2023	45.6	-47.7	-40.9
Natural Capital Dependency	0.45 0-1	2023	45.0	+23.2	+24.8
Projected Hydropower Change	0.44 0-1	2023	43.6	-0.1	+0.4
Paved Roads	0.33 0-1	2023	32.9	-22.1	-34.1
Tree Cover Loss	2044299 hectares	2021	31.4	+31.3	+31.1
Projected Groundwater Change	0.30 0-1	2023	29.9	+3.7	+8.0
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.28 0-1	2023	28.2	-34.0	-33.3
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.25 0-1	2023	24.7	-51.6	-50.2
Threatened Mammal Species	40.0 count	2018	20.9	+15.7	+15.7
Protected Biome Areas	0.21 0-1	2023	20.6	-20.4	-15.2
Disaster Preparedness	0.20 0-1	2023	20.0	-10.0	-5.0
Projected Population Change	0.18 0-1	2023	18.1	-4.2	-1.9
Rural Population	0.18 0-1	2023	18.0	-24.6	-14.9
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.13 0-1	2023	13.5	+6.0	+10.1
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	0.12 0-1	2023	12.3	-1.2	-5.6
Population Below 5m	0.12 0-1	2023	12.0	-2.8	-2.1
Food Import Dependency	0.10 0-1	2023	10.2	-11.5	-14.9
Water Dependency Ratio	0.08 0-1	2023	8.2	+1.3	+6.3
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.08 0-1	2023	7.6	-10.8	-26.1
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.03 0-1	2023	3.0	-27.3	-27.3
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.03 0-1	2023	3.0	-36.3	-51.4
Ecological Footprint	0.03 0-1	2023	2.9	-19.7	-19.0
Agriculture GDP Share	0.99 % of GDP	2023	2.7	-16.2	-13.8
Access to Reliable Drinking Water	0.03 0-1	2023	2.6	-17.8	-31.8
Natural Resource Depletion	0.82 % of GNI	2021	1.4	-0.7	-1.0
Water Stress	28.2 %	2021	0.7	+0.4	+0.5
Forest Depletion	0.00 % of GNI	2021	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Child Malnutrition	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-13.8	-7.9
Dependency Ratio	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-6.8	-1.5
Slum Population	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-16.5	-15.6
Energy Import Dependency	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-25.7	-15.5
Electricity Access	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	0.0	-0.2

		Year		vs world	vs region
Net Migration	1322668 persons	2023	100.0	+45.0	+45.0
Hospital Beds	2.74 per 1,000	2020	79.7	+0.7	-6.6
Uprooted People	7.90 0-10	2026	79.0	+20.0	+19.0
Overweight Adults	72.4 % adults	2022	77.4	+21.4	+10.9
Income Share Bottom 20%	5.10 %	2023	72.1	+6.5	0.0
Education Expenditure	12.7 % of govt	2020	71.6	+0.4	+4.2
Primary School Enrollment	97.0 % gross	2022	66.8	+3.2	+3.8
School Gender Parity	0.99 ratio	2020	63.3	+6.4	+6.0
Gini Coefficient	41.8 0-100	2023	54.7	+3.4	-9.7
GDP Growth	2.89 % annual	2023	48.9	0.0	+0.1
Aging Population	17.4 % population	2023	45.6	+29.2	+23.3
Shared Prosperity Growth	1.04 % annual	2023	41.3	-12.6	-15.1
Life Expectancy	78.4 years	2023	25.0	-14.5	-10.8
Labor Participation	73.6 % (15+)	2023	23.3	-6.8	-6.9
Gender Labor Ratio	83.8 ratio F/M	2023	21.4	-5.6	-12.7
ESG Performance Score	2.34 0-100	2018	19.9	-5.1	-4.6
Fertility Rate	1.62 births per woman	2023	16.5	-6.8	-1.7
Unemployment Rate	3.64 %	2023	10.0	-4.2	-7.0
Internet Users	93.1 % population	2023	7.8	-13.1	-16.5
Communicable Disease Deaths	5.30 %	2019	6.3	-9.8	-10.2
Under-5 Mortality Rate	6.50 per 1,000	2023	4.5	-7.7	-6.1
Unmet Contraception Need	7.20 %	2019	3.5	-32.1	-5.0
Children Under 5	0.30 0-10	2026	3.0	-8.0	-7.0
Sanitation Access	97.0 % population	2022	3.0	-37.0	-51.5
Safe Drinking Water	97.5 % population	2022	2.7	-18.8	-33.4
Health Conditions	0.10 0-10	2026	1.0	-7.0	-7.0
Population Density	36.5 people/km2	2022	0.2	-0.3	-0.1
Aid Dependency	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-25.0	-25.0
Development and Deprivation	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-30.0	-29.0
Food Security	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-18.0	-18.0
Recent Shocks	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-1.0	-6.0
Access to Electricity	100 % population	2023	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Undernourishment	2.50 % population	2022	0.0	-5.8	-4.5

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	262244 count	2021	81.6	-18.4	-18.4
Women in Parliament	29.0 % seats	2023	52.7	-5.5	-0.2
Political Stability	0.03 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	49.4	-0.4	+3.7
Scientific Articles	457335 count	2022	49.1	-50.8	-50.9
R&D Expenditure	3.59 % of GDP	2022	40.7	-47.3	-54.9
Voice and Accountability	0.88 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	32.4	-16.5	-6.9
Disaster Risk Reduction	2.90 0-10	2026	29.0	-12.5	-8.0
INFORM Governance Index	2.90 0-10	2026	29.0	-27.0	-27.0
Control of Corruption	1.12 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	27.5	-28.1	-29.7
Government Effectiveness	1.22 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	25.7	-26.0	-25.8
Rule of Law	1.33 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	23.4	-29.6	-32.8
Regulatory Quality	1.39 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	22.1	-30.6	-27.8
Communication Infrastructure	1.70 0-10	2026	17.0	-3.0	-3.0
Physical Infrastructure	0.90 0-10	2026	9.0	-21.0	-20.0
Legal Rights Strength	11.0 0-12	2019	8.3	-41.7	-50.0
Healthcare Access	0.60 0-10	2026	6.0	-31.0	-23.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.35 0-1	2023	64.9	+13.4	-3.4
Education (Readiness)	0.48 0-1	2023	52.4	-20.6	-16.6
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.57 0-1	2023	42.5	-0.6	+3.2
Doing Business Score	0.61 0-1	2023	38.6	-19.8	-22.8
ICT Infrastructure	0.68 0-1	2023	32.2	-15.5	-12.7
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.68 0-1	2023	31.7	-32.6	-34.1
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.77 0-1	2023	23.0	-29.0	-32.2
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.78 0-1	2023	21.9	-30.7	-27.5
Innovation (Readiness)	1.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-94.7	-97.8

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is United States of America?
United States of America: mid-pack overall, with climate the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 40 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives United States of America's risk?
United States of America's highest pressures are climate (58, medium) and nature (47). Its strongest area is social (25).
How might United States of America's climate change by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 23% of United States of America's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 70 to 71 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will United States of America warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), United States of America is on track to warm by +4.3 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +44 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +3.2 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along United States of America's coast?
Coastal sea level along United States of America is projected to rise by +0.70 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.52 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in United States of America?
The share of United States of America under high water stress is projected to move from 21% today to 32% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in United States of America?
The share of United States of America exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 2% today to 2.5% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was United States of America's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.