+2.8 °C
Temperature
20502080
- Higher emissions SSP5-8.5
- +1.8 °C → +2.8 °C
- Lower emissions SSP2-4.5
- +1.4 °C → +1.8 °C
Hottest month +2.6 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).
eSwatini Climate risk profile and hazard map
- Region
- Africa
- Subregion
- Southern Africa
- Income
- Lower middle income
- ISO
- SWZ
eSwatini: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure.
Live events
Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live mapHow risky is eSwatini, overall?
The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.
Medium 46 / 100
5y
- 23 Climate Low
- 29 Nature -1.3 Low
- 38 Social Low
- 72 Governance High
- 69 Adaptation +2.3 High
Which hazards threaten eSwatini most?
Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.
- 1.8FloodVery low
- 3.6DRR capacityLow
eSwatini in global context
Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.
3
Southern Africa
#3 of 5 · median 468
Africa
#8 of 54 · median 5417
Lower middle income
#17 of 53 · median 49Put two countries head to head
Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.
eSwatini: outlook from 2050 to 2100
Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.
By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, eSwatini is projected to warm +2.8 °C, with annual rainfall changing +28 mm.
+28 mm
Precipitation
20502080
- Higher emissions SSP5-8.5
- +29 mm → +28 mm
- Lower emissions SSP2-4.5
- +45 mm → +21 mm
Driest month 0 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).
0%
Water stress
20502080
- Higher emissions SSP5-8.5
- 0% → 0%
- Current path SSP3-7.0
- 0% → 0%
Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 0% today.
2.1%
River flooding
20502080
- Higher emissions SSP5-8.5
- 2.1% → 2.1%
- Lower emissions SSP2-4.5
- 2.1% → 2%
Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 2.1% today.
Sea level
Landlocked, not applicable.
Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.
Indicator panel
Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.
Energy Imports | 20.6 % of energy use | 70.5 |
Drought Index (SPEI) | 0.92 index | 69.5 |
Land Surface Temperature | 27.0 deg C change | 64.4 |
Fossil Fuel Consumption | 0.00 % of total | 50.0 |
Access to Clean Fuels | 50.3 % population | 49.7 |
Renewable Energy Share | 64.7 % of total energy | 32.5 |
Cooling Degree Days | 1989 degree days | 26.5 |
Energy Intensity | 3.89 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP | 22.8 |
Flood Risk | 1.80 0-10 | 18.0 |
PM2.5 Air Pollution | 18.8 ug/m3 | 17.3 |
Renewable Electricity Share | 83.1 % of total | 16.9 |
N2O Emissions Per Capita | 0.36 kt CO2e per capita | 8.3 |
Energy Use Per Capita | 1007 kg oil eq per capita | 5.8 |
Heating Degree Days | 572 degree days | 4.2 |
CO2 Emissions Per Capita | 0.96 metric tons | 3.0 |
Coal Electricity Share | 2.66 % of total | 2.7 |
Heat Index | 0.02 days | 0.0 |
Protected Areas | 4.20 % of land | 95.8 |
Dependency Ratio | 0.93 0-1 | 92.6 |
Projected Cereal Yield Change | 0.90 0-1 | 90.3 |
Projected Biome Distribution Change | 0.89 0-1 | 89.4 |
Dam Capacity | 0.88 0-1 | 87.9 |
Environmental Treaties Engagement | 0.85 0-1 | 85.0 |
Health Expenditure Per Capita | 0.85 0-1 | 84.8 |
Agricultural Capacity | 0.82 0-1 | 82.2 |
Rural Population | 0.81 0-1 | 81.1 |
Agricultural Land | 69.5 % of land | 80.2 |
Freshwater Withdrawal | 40.5 % of internal resources | 80.1 |
Projected Warm Period Change | 0.71 0-1 | 70.9 |
Paved Roads | 0.71 0-1 | 70.6 |
Forest Area | 29.1 % of land | 69.1 |
Food Production Index | 106 index | 67.2 |
Projected Vector Disease Change | 0.66 0-1 | 66.3 |
Age Dependency Ratio | 0.58 0-1 | 58.4 |
Ecological Footprint | 0.54 0-1 | 54.4 |
Protected Biome Areas | 0.53 0-1 | 53.0 |
Water Dependency Ratio | 0.41 0-1 | 41.5 |
Projected Groundwater Change | 0.39 0-1 | 38.7 |
Projected Climate-Related Deaths | 0.36 0-1 | 36.4 |
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate | 0.35 0-1 | 34.7 |
Food Import Dependency | 0.31 0-1 | 30.8 |
Disaster Preparedness | 0.30 0-1 | 30.0 |
Water Bodies Extent | 70.0 % of land | 30.0 |
Natural Capital Dependency | 0.27 0-1 | 26.8 |
Projected Population Change | 0.26 0-1 | 25.8 |
Projected Annual Runoff Change | 0.21 0-1 | 20.9 |
Energy Import Dependency | 0.21 0-1 | 20.6 |
Urban Concentration | 0.19 0-1 | 18.9 |
Agriculture GDP Share | 6.48 % of GDP | 15.3 |
Forest Depletion | 2.58 % of GNI | 14.7 |
Electricity Access | 0.14 0-1 | 13.7 |
Slum Population | 0.11 0-1 | 10.9 |
Child Malnutrition | 0.07 0-1 | 7.4 |
Projected Flood Hazard Change | 0.07 0-1 | 7.2 |
Natural Resource Depletion | 2.58 % of GNI | 4.5 |
Threatened Mammal Species | 9.00 count | 4.2 |
Water Stress | 77.6 % | 2.0 |
Earthquake Risk | 0.10 0-10 | 1.0 |
Tsunami Risk | 0.00 0-10 | 0.0 |
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss | 0.00 0-1 | 0.0 |
Population Below 5m | 0.00 0-1 | 0.0 |
Tree Cover Loss | 2429 hectares | 0.0 |
Unemployment Rate | 34.6 % | 100.0 |
Communicable Disease Deaths | 51.6 % | 76.8 |
Life Expectancy | 64.3 years | 69.8 |
Safe Drinking Water | 38.2 % population | 65.9 |
Overweight Adults | 57.1 % adults | 58.2 |
Labor Participation | 53.7 % (15+) | 54.0 |
Net Migration | -6754 persons | 51.9 |
ESG Performance Score | 2.46 0-100 | 50.8 |
Development and Deprivation | 4.90 0-10 | 49.0 |
Health Conditions | 4.90 0-10 | 49.0 |
GDP Growth | 3.44 % annual | 48.0 |
Unmet Contraception Need | 20.4 % | 46.7 |
Food Security | 4.30 0-10 | 43.0 |
Sanitation Access | 60.8 % population | 42.6 |
Internet Users | 63.4 % population | 40.0 |
Education Expenditure | 19.4 % of govt | 39.3 |
Under-5 Mortality Rate | 45.1 per 1,000 | 38.3 |
Fertility Rate | 2.72 births per woman | 37.3 |
Uprooted People | 3.30 0-10 | 33.0 |
Primary School Enrollment | 117 % gross | 31.0 |
Aid Dependency | 3.00 0-10 | 30.0 |
Undernourishment | 14.7 % population | 23.6 |
Children Under 5 | 2.30 0-10 | 23.0 |
Adult Literacy Rate | 90.8 % | 14.4 |
Gender Labor Ratio | 89.4 ratio F/M | 14.4 |
Access to Electricity | 86.4 % population | 14.4 |
Aging Population | 4.26 % population | 7.5 |
Population Density | 71.5 people/km2 | 0.4 |
Recent Shocks | 0.00 0-10 | 0.0 |
Scientific Articles | 43.2 count | 100.0 |
Voice and Accountability | -1.16 -2.5 to +2.5 | 73.3 |
INFORM Governance Index | 7.00 0-10 | 70.0 |
Government Effectiveness | -0.88 -2.5 to +2.5 | 67.7 |
Legal Rights Strength | 4.00 0-12 | 66.7 |
Women in Parliament | 21.6 % seats | 66.1 |
Control of Corruption | -0.73 -2.5 to +2.5 | 64.7 |
Regulatory Quality | -0.72 -2.5 to +2.5 | 64.3 |
Rule of Law | -0.60 -2.5 to +2.5 | 62.0 |
Political Stability | -0.36 -2.5 to +2.5 | 57.2 |
Healthcare Access | 4.90 0-10 | 49.0 |
Physical Infrastructure | 4.60 0-10 | 46.0 |
Disaster Risk Reduction | 3.60 0-10 | 36.0 |
Communication Infrastructure | 2.50 0-10 | 25.0 |
Education (Readiness) | 0.04 0-1 | 96.4 |
Control of Corruption (Readiness) | 0.26 0-1 | 74.4 |
Doing Business Score | 0.29 0-1 | 71.5 |
Social Inequality (Readiness) | 0.31 0-1 | 69.4 |
Rule of Law (Readiness) | 0.36 0-1 | 63.7 |
Regulatory Quality (Readiness) | 0.39 0-1 | 60.8 |
ICT Infrastructure | 0.42 0-1 | 58.2 |
Political Stability (Readiness) | 0.51 0-1 | 49.2 |
These indicators have site-level resolution. Score your exact location.
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eSwatini: ask your AI assistant
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- eSwatini: how will flood and heat risk change by 2050?
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Common questions
Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.
How risky is eSwatini?
eSwatini: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 46 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives eSwatini's risk?
eSwatini's highest pressures are governance (72, high) and adaptation (69). Its strongest area is climate (23).
How might eSwatini's climate change by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 32% of eSwatini's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 72 to 71 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will eSwatini warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), eSwatini is on track to warm by +2.8 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +28 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +1.8 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How will water stress change in eSwatini?
The share of eSwatini under high water stress is projected to move from 0% today to 0% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in eSwatini?
The share of eSwatini exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 2.1% today to 2.1% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was eSwatini's risk data last updated?
Updated October 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.