Ghana: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 49 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

What drives Ghana's risk?

Ghana's highest pressures are governance (69, high) and adaptation (65). Its strongest area is nature (29).

How might Ghana's climate change by 2080?

Ghana's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will Ghana warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Ghana is on track to warm by +2.5 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +71 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +1.9 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along Ghana's coast?

Coastal sea level along Ghana is projected to rise by +0.81 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.58 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in Ghana?

The share of Ghana under high water stress is projected to move from 0% today to 4% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in Ghana?

The share of Ghana exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 6.8% today to 1.8% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was Ghana's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

Ghana Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Africa
Subregion: Western Africa
Income: Lower middle income
ISO: GHA

Ghana: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is Ghana, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Medium 49 / 100

45 Climate Medium
29 Nature -1.8 Low
36 Social Low
69 Governance High
65 Adaptation -0.6 High

Which hazards threaten Ghana most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

4.7FloodMedium
5.5DRR capacityMedium

Ghana in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

Western Africa

#2 of 16 · median 54

Africa

#17 of 54 · median 53

Lower middle income

#26 of 53 · median 49

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

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Ghana: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Ghana is projected to warm +2.5 °C, with annual rainfall changing +71 mm.

+2.5 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +1.6 °C → +2.5 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +1.4 °C → +1.9 °C

Hottest month +3.2 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

+71 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +65 mm → +71 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +65 mm → +75 mm

Driest month 0 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 0% → 4%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 0% → 17%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 0% today.

1.8%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 3.6% → 1.8%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 3.7% → 2.7%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 6.8% today.

Sea level

Ghana: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 4 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.25 m → +0.81 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.22 m → +0.58 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Coastal Protection Needed	99.9 % coast	2020	99.8	+15.5	+16.2
Cooling Degree Days	6343 degree days	2020	86.8	+35.0	+20.6
Land Surface Temperature	32.6 deg C change	2021	75.9	+11.2	+1.1
Access to Clean Fuels	31.0 % population	2022	69.0	+58.8	-19.8
Energy Imports	-22.4 % of energy use	2022	67.0	-4.1	-2.6
Renewable Electricity Share	34.9 % of total	2021	65.1	-10.0	-10.2
PM2.5 Air Pollution	54.2 ug/m3	2020	61.5	+42.3	+27.3
Fossil Fuel Consumption	62.0 % of total	2022	60.4	-12.3	+29.3
Renewable Energy Share	39.0 % of total energy	2021	59.5	-15.9	+28.9
Drought Index (SPEI)	-0.16 index	2021	52.7	+6.3	+8.4
Flood Risk	4.70 0-10	2026	47.0	-5.0	-0.5
Heat Index	37.3 index	2020	27.4	+27.3	+25.6
Energy Intensity	2.88 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2021	10.2	-6.4	-12.7
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.20 kt CO2e per capita	2020	4.7	-2.3	-1.7
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	0.61 metric tons	2020	1.8	-5.9	+0.7
Energy Use Per Capita	359 kg oil eq per capita	2022	1.7	-6.6	-0.4
Heating Degree Days	0.00 degree days	2020	0.0	-1.4	-0.1
Coal Electricity Share	0.00 % of total	2021	0.0	0.0	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.97 0-1	2023	97.4	+10.9	+4.5
Agricultural Capacity	0.95 0-1	2023	95.3	+3.5	-2.7
Protected Areas	7.70 % of land	2023	92.2	+3.3	+3.3
Paved Roads	0.88 0-1	2023	88.1	+33.0	+7.4
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.88 0-1	2023	87.6	+3.4	-8.6
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.85 0-1	2023	85.1	+45.8	+5.0
Projected Warm Period Change	0.71 0-1	2023	71.0	+3.3	+1.9
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.67 0-1	2023	66.7	+4.6	-2.5
Agricultural Land	55.4 % of land	2022	65.3	+18.0	+9.8
Age Dependency Ratio	0.63 0-1	2023	63.5	+10.8	-7.8
Forest Area	35.2 % of land	2022	62.8	-3.5	-14.6
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.62 0-1	2023	61.9	-14.4	-18.3
Agriculture GDP Share	20.9 % of GDP	2023	58.3	+39.4	+7.0
Ecological Footprint	0.58 0-1	2023	58.1	+35.5	+7.5
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.56 0-1	2023	56.5	-1.1	+2.4
Access to Reliable Drinking Water	0.56 0-1	2023	56.3	+35.9	-18.2
Urban Concentration	0.56 0-1	2023	56.1	-1.3	+13.9
Protected Biome Areas	0.55 0-1	2023	55.3	+14.3	-9.3
Dependency Ratio	0.52 0-1	2023	52.3	+45.5	-13.4
Water Dependency Ratio	0.46 0-1	2023	46.1	+39.2	+26.3
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.45 0-1	2023	44.9	+5.3	+9.7
Rural Population	0.44 0-1	2023	43.9	+1.3	-13.9
Projected Hydropower Change	0.43 0-1	2023	43.0	-0.7	-0.7
Projected Population Change	0.43 0-1	2023	42.7	+20.4	-4.8
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.42 0-1	2023	41.6	+23.3	+19.8
Freshwater Withdrawal	4.78 % of internal resources	2021	40.7	-9.6	-0.8
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.40 0-1	2023	39.7	-26.1	-32.6
Food Production Index	136 index	2022	39.5	-27.6	-19.5
Slum Population	0.34 0-1	2023	33.8	+17.3	-14.9
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.33 0-1	2023	33.3	+3.0	0.0
Disaster Preparedness	0.33 0-1	2023	32.5	+2.5	-2.5
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.32 0-1	2023	31.7	-5.6	+2.0
Child Malnutrition	0.24 0-1	2023	24.0	+10.2	+2.9
Projected Groundwater Change	0.24 0-1	2023	24.0	-2.2	-4.2
Natural Capital Dependency	0.23 0-1	2023	23.1	+1.3	+3.6
Forest Depletion	3.85 % of GNI	2021	22.0	+21.9	+12.8
Food Import Dependency	0.21 0-1	2023	21.3	-0.4	-8.3
Natural Resource Depletion	10.8 % of GNI	2021	18.9	+16.8	+11.4
Tsunami Risk	1.70 0-10	2026	17.0	+6.0	+17.0
Population Below 5m	0.13 0-1	2023	12.9	-1.8	+2.6
Threatened Mammal Species	21.0 count	2018	11.0	+5.8	+2.6
Electricity Access	0.11 0-1	2023	10.6	+10.6	-30.6
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	0.07 0-1	2023	7.4	-6.1	+2.2
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.04 0-1	2023	4.1	-3.4	-0.8
Tree Cover Loss	101379 hectares	2021	1.6	+1.5	+1.5
Earthquake Risk	0.10 0-10	2026	1.0	-34.0	0.0
Water Stress	6.31 %	2021	0.2	-0.1	0.0
Dam Capacity	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-93.3	-94.8
Energy Import Dependency	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-25.7	-13.7

		Year		vs world	vs region
Sanitation Access	15.8 % population	2022	86.5	+46.5	+1.7
Communicable Disease Deaths	45.2 %	2019	68.8	+52.7	-6.9
Primary School Enrollment	96.5 % gross	2022	67.3	+3.7	+0.3
Development and Deprivation	6.60 0-10	2026	66.0	+36.0	-11.5
Life Expectancy	65.5 years	2023	65.4	+26.0	0.0
Safe Drinking Water	44.5 % population	2022	59.2	+37.7	-21.9
Unmet Contraception Need	23.4 %	2022	56.5	+9.1	+6.5
Net Migration	-10003 persons	2023	54.7	-0.3	-0.2
School Gender Parity	1.01 ratio	2020	53.6	-3.3	-1.8
Education Expenditure	12.0 % of govt	2023	53.5	+6.4	+10.4
ESG Performance Score	1.94 0-100	2018	49.6	+24.6	-1.1
Fertility Rate	3.40 births per woman	2023	49.5	+26.2	-10.2
GDP Growth	3.14 % annual	2023	48.5	-0.4	+1.7
Uprooted People	3.70 0-10	2026	37.0	-22.0	-21.0
Labor Participation	64.9 % (15+)	2023	36.7	+6.6	-0.2
Internet Users	69.9 % population	2023	33.9	+13.0	-34.9
Health Conditions	3.30 0-10	2026	33.0	+25.0	-3.0
Overweight Adults	36.7 % adults	2022	32.5	-23.5	+3.8
Under-5 Mortality Rate	37.1 per 1,000	2023	31.5	+19.3	-8.3
Adult Literacy Rate	80.4 %	2020	28.4	+19.7	-9.1
Children Under 5	2.80 0-10	2026	28.0	+17.0	-8.5
Aid Dependency	1.50 0-10	2026	15.0	-10.0	-25.5
Food Security	1.20 0-10	2026	12.0	-6.0	-35.0
Access to Electricity	89.5 % population	2023	11.1	+11.1	-34.0
Gender Labor Ratio	95.0 ratio F/M	2023	9.8	-17.2	-14.1
Unemployment Rate	3.06 %	2023	8.4	-5.8	-7.2
Undernourishment	6.20 % population	2022	7.6	+1.8	-21.9
Aging Population	3.63 % population	2023	5.9	-10.5	+1.2
Population Density	146 people/km2	2022	0.8	+0.3	+0.4
Recent Shocks	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-1.0	-6.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	12.0 count	2020	100.0	0.0	0.0
Scientific Articles	3075 count	2022	99.7	-0.2	-0.3
Women in Parliament	14.5 % seats	2023	76.3	+18.1	+14.3
Physical Infrastructure	5.90 0-10	2026	59.0	+29.0	-8.0
Healthcare Access	5.70 0-10	2026	57.0	+20.0	-8.0
Disaster Risk Reduction	5.50 0-10	2026	55.0	+13.5	0.0
INFORM Governance Index	5.40 0-10	2026	54.0	-2.0	-12.5
Regulatory Quality	-0.18 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	53.6	+0.9	-11.8
Control of Corruption	-0.10 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	52.0	-3.6	-13.0
Rule of Law	-0.10 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	52.0	-1.0	-12.2
Government Effectiveness	-0.09 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	51.9	+0.2	-14.6
Political Stability	-0.02 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	50.4	+0.6	-9.9
Legal Rights Strength	6.00 0-12	2019	50.0	0.0	0.0
Voice and Accountability	0.41 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	41.8	-7.1	-22.1
Communication Infrastructure	3.20 0-10	2026	32.0	+12.0	-18.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Innovation (Readiness)	0.00 0-1	2023	99.8	+5.1	+0.3
Education (Readiness)	0.13 0-1	2023	86.9	+13.9	-7.3
Doing Business Score	0.32 0-1	2023	67.9	+9.5	-1.5
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.39 0-1	2023	61.2	+9.7	+4.9
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.40 0-1	2023	59.8	-4.5	-13.3
ICT Infrastructure	0.44 0-1	2023	56.2	+8.5	-8.1
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.47 0-1	2023	53.1	+0.5	-11.1
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.49 0-1	2023	51.1	-0.9	-11.5
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.57 0-1	2023	43.4	+0.3	-8.4

These indicators have site-level resolution. Score your exact location.

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is Ghana?
Ghana: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 49 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Ghana's risk?
Ghana's highest pressures are governance (69, high) and adaptation (65). Its strongest area is nature (29).
How might Ghana's climate change by 2080?
Ghana's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Ghana warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Ghana is on track to warm by +2.5 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +71 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +1.9 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along Ghana's coast?
Coastal sea level along Ghana is projected to rise by +0.81 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.58 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in Ghana?
The share of Ghana under high water stress is projected to move from 0% today to 4% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Ghana?
The share of Ghana exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 6.8% today to 1.8% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Ghana's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.