+3.6 °C
Temperature
20502080
- Higher emissions SSP5-8.5
- +2.2 °C → +3.6 °C
- Lower emissions SSP2-4.5
- +1.8 °C → +2.4 °C
Hottest month +2.9 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).
Nepal Climate risk profile and hazard map
- Region
- Asia
- Subregion
- Southern Asia
- Income
- Low income
- ISO
- NPL
Nepal: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure.
Live events
Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live mapHow risky is Nepal, overall?
The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.
Medium 54 / 100
5y
- 48 Climate Medium
- 41 Nature -0.2 Medium
- 47 Social Medium
- 70 Governance High
- 64 Adaptation -2.1 High
Which hazards threaten Nepal most?
Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.
- 6.9FloodHigh
- 7.3DRR capacityHigh
Nepal in global context
Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.
4
Southern Asia
#4 of 9 · median 5636
Asia
#36 of 48 · median 4713
Low income
#13 of 37 · median 55Put two countries head to head
Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.
Nepal: outlook from 2050 to 2100
Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.
By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Nepal is projected to warm +3.6 °C, with annual rainfall changing +229 mm.
+229 mm
Precipitation
20502080
- Higher emissions SSP5-8.5
- +119 mm → +229 mm
- Lower emissions SSP2-4.5
- +94 mm → +118 mm
Driest month -1 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).
37%
Water stress
20502080
- Higher emissions SSP5-8.5
- 37% → 37%
- Current path SSP3-7.0
- 37% → 37%
Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 37% today.
3%
River flooding
20502080
- Higher emissions SSP5-8.5
- 2.7% → 3%
- Lower emissions SSP2-4.5
- 2.4% → 2.8%
Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 2% today.
Sea level
Landlocked, not applicable.
Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.
Indicator panel
Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.
Energy Imports | 27.4 % of energy use | 71.0 |
Flood Risk | 6.90 0-10 | 69.0 |
Access to Clean Fuels | 39.6 % population | 60.4 |
Land Surface Temperature | 22.1 deg C change | 54.3 |
PM2.5 Air Pollution | 45.7 ug/m3 | 50.9 |
Heating Degree Days | 5218 degree days | 35.9 |
Energy Intensity | 5.63 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP | 25.8 |
Renewable Energy Share | 73.7 % of total energy | 23.5 |
Fossil Fuel Consumption | 26.5 % of total | 23.4 |
Cooling Degree Days | 1393 degree days | 19.1 |
Renewable Electricity Share | 83.8 % of total | 16.2 |
N2O Emissions Per Capita | 0.25 kt CO2e per capita | 5.8 |
Heat Index | 7.73 index | 5.7 |
Energy Use Per Capita | 520 kg oil eq per capita | 2.7 |
CO2 Emissions Per Capita | 0.52 metric tons | 1.5 |
Coal Electricity Share | 0.00 % of total | 0.0 |
Projected Climate-Related Deaths | 1.00 0-1 | 100.0 |
Dam Capacity | 1.00 0-1 | 99.9 |
Earthquake Risk | 9.80 0-10 | 98.0 |
Disaster Preparedness | 0.93 0-1 | 92.5 |
Agricultural Capacity | 0.92 0-1 | 91.9 |
Ecological Footprint | 0.92 0-1 | 91.5 |
Projected Cereal Yield Change | 0.89 0-1 | 88.5 |
Health Expenditure Per Capita | 0.86 0-1 | 86.2 |
Access to Reliable Drinking Water | 0.85 0-1 | 85.1 |
Rural Population | 0.84 0-1 | 84.2 |
Projected Warm Period Change | 0.82 0-1 | 82.3 |
Environmental Treaties Engagement | 0.77 0-1 | 77.3 |
Protected Areas | 23.6 % of land | 76.4 |
Projected Biome Distribution Change | 0.74 0-1 | 74.1 |
Quality of Trade Infrastructure | 0.72 0-1 | 72.1 |
Projected Vector Disease Change | 0.67 0-1 | 67.1 |
Protected Biome Areas | 0.67 0-1 | 67.0 |
Agriculture GDP Share | 21.3 % of GDP | 59.3 |
Forest Area | 41.6 % of land | 56.0 |
Age Dependency Ratio | 0.51 0-1 | 51.5 |
Food Production Index | 123 index | 51.0 |
Access to Improved Sanitation | 0.50 0-1 | 50.0 |
Paved Roads | 0.46 0-1 | 46.5 |
Freshwater Withdrawal | 4.79 % of internal resources | 41.3 |
Slum Population | 0.41 0-1 | 40.6 |
Dependency Ratio | 0.34 0-1 | 34.2 |
Projected Groundwater Change | 0.32 0-1 | 32.0 |
Projected Hydropower Change | 0.31 0-1 | 31.0 |
Agricultural Land | 26.1 % of land | 30.5 |
Child Malnutrition | 0.29 0-1 | 28.9 |
Food Import Dependency | 0.28 0-1 | 28.2 |
Energy Import Dependency | 0.27 0-1 | 27.4 |
Projected Annual Runoff Change | 0.24 0-1 | 23.5 |
Projected Population Change | 0.22 0-1 | 22.5 |
Natural Capital Dependency | 0.21 0-1 | 21.0 |
Urban Concentration | 0.16 0-1 | 15.8 |
Threatened Mammal Species | 29.0 count | 15.2 |
Electricity Access | 0.06 0-1 | 6.1 |
Water Dependency Ratio | 0.06 0-1 | 5.7 |
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate | 0.04 0-1 | 4.1 |
Projected Flood Hazard Change | 0.04 0-1 | 3.7 |
Forest Depletion | 0.49 % of GNI | 2.8 |
Natural Resource Depletion | 0.49 % of GNI | 0.9 |
Water Stress | 8.31 % | 0.2 |
Tsunami Risk | 0.00 0-10 | 0.0 |
Tree Cover Loss | 2753 hectares | 0.0 |
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss | 0.00 0-1 | 0.0 |
Population Below 5m | 0.00 0-1 | 0.0 |
School Gender Parity | 0.95 ratio | 100.0 |
Hospital Beds | 0.39 per 1,000 | 99.8 |
Safe Drinking Water | 16.1 % population | 89.4 |
Recent Shocks | 8.30 0-10 | 83.0 |
Labor Participation | 42.3 % (15+) | 71.3 |
Education Expenditure | 12.8 % of govt | 69.7 |
Development and Deprivation | 6.50 0-10 | 65.0 |
Gender Labor Ratio | 51.2 ratio F/M | 54.8 |
Sanitation Access | 50.6 % population | 50.8 |
GDP Growth | 1.98 % annual | 50.3 |
Life Expectancy | 70.4 years | 50.2 |
Aid Dependency | 5.00 0-10 | 50.0 |
Internet Users | 55.8 % population | 49.7 |
Unmet Contraception Need | 20.8 % | 48.1 |
Adult Literacy Rate | 71.2 % | 45.8 |
Net Migration | -409782 persons | 41.1 |
Uprooted People | 3.70 0-10 | 37.0 |
Communicable Disease Deaths | 24.8 % | 36.8 |
Poverty Rate (National) | 20.3 % population | 32.5 |
Children Under 5 | 3.00 0-10 | 30.0 |
Unemployment Rate | 10.6 % | 30.0 |
ESG Performance Score | 2.25 0-100 | 26.4 |
Overweight Adults | 30.9 % adults | 25.2 |
Income Share Bottom 20% | 8.70 % | 23.6 |
Fertility Rate | 1.98 births per woman | 23.3 |
Primary School Enrollment | 123 % gross | 22.8 |
Under-5 Mortality Rate | 26.5 per 1,000 | 22.1 |
Health Conditions | 2.20 0-10 | 22.0 |
Gini Coefficient | 30.0 0-100 | 19.2 |
Food Security | 1.50 0-10 | 15.0 |
Aging Population | 6.36 % population | 13.8 |
Undernourishment | 5.70 % population | 6.6 |
Access to Electricity | 94.0 % population | 6.3 |
Population Density | 207 people/km2 | 1.1 |
Scientific Articles | 1699 count | 99.8 |
Disaster Risk Reduction | 7.30 0-10 | 73.0 |
INFORM Governance Index | 6.70 0-10 | 67.0 |
Government Effectiveness | -0.81 -2.5 to +2.5 | 66.2 |
Regulatory Quality | -0.66 -2.5 to +2.5 | 63.2 |
Control of Corruption | -0.51 -2.5 to +2.5 | 60.2 |
Rule of Law | -0.46 -2.5 to +2.5 | 59.3 |
Political Stability | -0.23 -2.5 to +2.5 | 54.5 |
Voice and Accountability | -0.02 -2.5 to +2.5 | 50.5 |
Healthcare Access | 4.70 0-10 | 47.0 |
Women in Parliament | 33.1 % seats | 46.0 |
Communication Infrastructure | 4.00 0-10 | 40.0 |
Physical Infrastructure | 3.80 0-10 | 38.0 |
Legal Rights Strength | 10.0 0-12 | 16.7 |
Innovation (Readiness) | 0.00 0-1 | 99.7 |
Education (Readiness) | 0.11 0-1 | 89.4 |
Control of Corruption (Readiness) | 0.31 0-1 | 69.2 |
Rule of Law (Readiness) | 0.37 0-1 | 62.6 |
Doing Business Score | 0.39 0-1 | 60.9 |
Regulatory Quality (Readiness) | 0.42 0-1 | 58.2 |
ICT Infrastructure | 0.42 0-1 | 57.9 |
Political Stability (Readiness) | 0.53 0-1 | 46.9 |
Social Inequality (Readiness) | 0.62 0-1 | 38.1 |
These indicators have site-level resolution. Score your exact location.
Score a site in Nepal →But what about your location?
The country score is an average. Get the full risk breakdown for one address or point inside Nepal.
Where exactly?
Type an address, city, or landmark and we resolve it to a precise risk profile for that point.
Common questions
Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.
How risky is Nepal?
Nepal: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 54 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Nepal's risk?
Nepal's highest pressures are governance (70, high) and adaptation (64). Its strongest area is nature (41).
How might Nepal's climate change by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 37% of Nepal's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 69 to 72 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Nepal warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Nepal is on track to warm by +3.6 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +229 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.4 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How will water stress change in Nepal?
The share of Nepal under high water stress is projected to move from 37% today to 37% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Nepal?
The share of Nepal exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 2% today to 3% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Nepal's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.