India: mid-pack overall, with climate the main pressure, easing recently. Its overall risk score is 57 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

What drives India's risk?

India's highest pressures are climate (71, high) and adaptation (61). Its strongest area is social (39).

How might India's climate change by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 35% of India's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 72 to 74 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will India warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), India is on track to warm by +3.1 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +184 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +1.9 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along India's coast?

Coastal sea level along India is projected to rise by +0.76 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.53 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in India?

The share of India under high water stress is projected to move from 69% today to 70% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in India?

The share of India exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 5.6% today to 8.5% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was India's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

India Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Asia
Subregion: Southern Asia
Income: Lower middle income
ISO: IND

India: mid-pack overall, with climate the main pressure, easing recently.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is India, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Medium 57 / 100

71 Climate High
56 Nature -0.6 Medium
39 Social Low
60 Governance High
61 Adaptation -3.7 High

Which hazards threaten India most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

9.2FloodCritical
2.6DRR capacityLow

India in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

Southern Asia

#6 of 9 · median 56

Asia

#41 of 48 · median 47

Lower middle income

#46 of 53 · median 49

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

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India: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, India is projected to warm +3.1 °C, with annual rainfall changing +184 mm.

+3.1 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +1.8 °C → +3.1 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +1.4 °C → +1.9 °C

Hottest month +2.8 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

+184 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +105 mm → +184 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +94 mm → +126 mm

Driest month 0 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

70%

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 70% → 70%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 69% → 68%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 69% today.

8.5%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 7% → 8.5%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 6.1% → 6.8%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 5.6% today.

Sea level

India: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 7 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.22 m → +0.76 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.19 m → +0.53 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Coastal Protection Needed	97.4 % coast	2020	96.6	+12.3	+6.3
Flood Risk	9.20 0-10	2026	92.0	+40.0	+26.5
Renewable Electricity Share	19.1 % of total	2021	80.9	+5.8	-2.1
Coal Electricity Share	72.0 % of total	2022	74.9	+58.2	+43.0
Land Surface Temperature	31.9 deg C change	2021	74.4	+9.7	+6.9
Fossil Fuel Consumption	74.9 % of total	2022	73.9	+1.2	-12.9
Energy Imports	35.8 % of energy use	2022	71.7	+0.6	+1.0
Drought Index (SPEI)	0.80 index	2021	71.6	+25.2	+35.2
Cooling Degree Days	4762 degree days	2020	65.2	+13.4	+14.2
Renewable Energy Share	34.9 % of total energy	2021	63.8	-11.6	-26.8
PM2.5 Air Pollution	48.4 ug/m3	2020	54.2	+35.0	+28.0
Heat Index	56.3 index	2020	41.3	+41.3	+39.2
Access to Clean Fuels	74.5 % population	2022	25.5	+15.3	+16.9
Energy Intensity	4.21 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2021	17.7	+1.1	-0.8
Heating Degree Days	936 degree days	2020	6.4	+5.0	-1.2
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	1.57 metric tons	2020	4.9	-2.8	-6.0
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.20 kt CO2e per capita	2020	4.6	-2.4	-1.5
Energy Use Per Capita	712 kg oil eq per capita	2022	3.9	-4.4	-5.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+69.7	+78.8
Protected Areas	4.40 % of land	2023	95.6	+6.7	+2.4
Dam Capacity	0.96 0-1	2023	95.6	+2.3	+2.0
Agricultural Capacity	0.92 0-1	2023	92.4	+0.6	+3.9
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.92 0-1	2023	92.3	+8.1	+10.5
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.91 0-1	2023	90.8	+4.3	+13.0
Projected Warm Period Change	0.89 0-1	2023	88.9	+21.2	+23.6
Earthquake Risk	8.30 0-10	2026	83.0	+48.0	+15.5
Freshwater Withdrawal	44.8 % of internal resources	2021	80.8	+30.5	+5.2
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.79 0-1	2023	78.6	+12.8	+12.8
Tsunami Risk	7.80 0-10	2026	78.0	+67.0	+53.0
Child Malnutrition	0.77 0-1	2023	77.3	+63.5	+59.5
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.77 0-1	2023	76.7	+39.5	+40.0
Forest Area	24.4 % of land	2022	74.1	+7.8	-10.8
Agricultural Land	60.0 % of land	2022	70.9	+23.6	+30.6
Rural Population	0.69 0-1	2023	68.6	+26.0	+24.0
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.65 0-1	2023	64.8	+25.2	+37.1
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.65 0-1	2023	64.7	+7.1	+9.4
Protected Biome Areas	0.62 0-1	2023	62.4	+21.4	+17.5
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.56 0-1	2023	56.3	-20.0	-23.9
Slum Population	0.49 0-1	2023	49.5	+33.0	+30.7
Threatened Mammal Species	93.0 count	2018	48.7	+43.5	+41.9
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.48 0-1	2023	48.4	+9.1	+15.2
Food Production Index	128 index	2022	46.7	-20.4	-13.3
Paved Roads	0.47 0-1	2023	46.6	-8.4	+19.9
Ecological Footprint	0.46 0-1	2023	46.3	+23.7	+21.4
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.46 0-1	2023	46.2	-15.9	-14.8
Agriculture GDP Share	16.2 % of GDP	2023	45.0	+26.1	+22.9
Age Dependency Ratio	0.44 0-1	2023	43.6	-9.1	-2.0
Projected Hydropower Change	0.42 0-1	2023	42.1	-1.6	-1.6
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.38 0-1	2023	38.4	+30.9	+10.8
Energy Import Dependency	0.36 0-1	2023	35.8	+10.1	+15.1
Projected Groundwater Change	0.32 0-1	2023	32.4	+6.2	+3.8
Urban Concentration	0.31 0-1	2023	31.4	-26.0	-24.0
Water Dependency Ratio	0.31 0-1	2023	30.5	+23.6	+23.5
Projected Population Change	0.23 0-1	2023	23.4	+1.1	-0.3
Natural Capital Dependency	0.22 0-1	2023	22.4	+0.6	-3.4
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	0.14 0-1	2023	13.5	0.0	-2.5
Population Below 5m	0.11 0-1	2023	11.4	-3.3	-6.4
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.10 0-1	2023	9.8	-8.6	-2.3
Food Import Dependency	0.07 0-1	2023	6.8	-14.9	-12.6
Dependency Ratio	0.04 0-1	2023	3.9	-2.9	0.0
Natural Resource Depletion	1.62 % of GNI	2021	2.8	+0.7	+0.2
Tree Cover Loss	132748 hectares	2021	2.0	+1.9	+2.0
Water Stress	66.5 %	2021	1.7	+1.4	+0.3
Forest Depletion	0.16 % of GNI	2021	0.9	+0.8	+0.9
Electricity Access	0.01 0-1	2023	0.5	+0.5	+0.5
Disaster Preparedness	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-30.0	-25.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Adult Literacy Rate	77.0 %	2023	100.0	+78.3	+84.8
Hospital Beds	1.60 per 1,000	2021	90.0	+6.1	+4.7
Gender Labor Ratio	40.7 ratio F/M	2023	65.7	+38.7	+25.9
Uprooted People	6.30 0-10	2026	63.0	+4.0	+9.5
Education Expenditure	14.2 % of govt	2022	60.7	-4.2	-7.7
Development and Deprivation	5.70 0-10	2026	57.0	+27.0	+31.5
Internet Users	55.9 % population	2022	49.6	+25.7	+30.3
Sanitation Access	52.1 % population	2022	49.2	+9.2	+14.9
Labor Participation	57.9 % (15+)	2023	47.3	+17.2	+16.1
Children Under 5	4.50 0-10	2026	45.0	+34.0	+32.0
Life Expectancy	72.0 years	2023	45.0	+5.5	+11.8
School Gender Parity	0.99 ratio	2021	43.5	+2.5	+2.2
ESG Performance Score	2.08 0-100	2018	39.4	+14.4	+13.0
GDP Growth	9.19 % annual	2023	38.9	-10.0	-8.9
Communicable Disease Deaths	24.2 %	2019	35.8	+19.7	+21.6
Primary School Enrollment	112 % gross	2023	31.1	-10.9	-9.9
Food Security	3.10 0-10	2026	31.0	+13.0	+13.0
Overweight Adults	29.5 % adults	2022	23.4	-32.6	-31.3
Under-5 Mortality Rate	27.7 per 1,000	2023	23.2	+11.0	+12.7
Fertility Rate	1.98 births per woman	2023	23.2	-0.1	0.0
Undernourishment	13.7 % population	2022	23.0	+17.2	+17.4
Net Migration	-979179 persons	2023	21.8	-33.2	-33.1
Health Conditions	2.00 0-10	2026	20.0	+12.0	+16.0
Aging Population	6.92 % population	2023	15.4	-1.0	+1.6
Unmet Contraception Need	9.40 %	2021	14.0	-33.3	0.0
Recent Shocks	1.20 0-10	2026	12.0	+11.0	+9.0
Unemployment Rate	4.17 %	2023	11.6	-2.6	0.0
Aid Dependency	1.10 0-10	2026	11.0	-14.0	-10.0
Gini Coefficient	25.5 0-100	2022	4.6	-26.1	-19.4
Population Density	479 people/km2	2022	2.6	+2.1	+2.0
Access to Electricity	99.5 % population	2023	0.5	+0.5	+0.5
Income Share Bottom 20%	10.4 %	2022	0.0	-44.4	-30.6

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	26267 count	2021	98.2	-1.8	-1.8
R&D Expenditure	0.65 % of GDP	2020	89.5	+3.5	-6.0
Scientific Articles	207390 count	2022	76.9	-23.0	-22.9
Women in Parliament	15.2 % seats	2023	75.1	+16.9	+5.9
Political Stability	-0.64 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	62.7	+12.9	+7.1
Control of Corruption	-0.37 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	57.3	+1.7	-1.0
Regulatory Quality	-0.14 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	52.7	-0.0	-1.9
INFORM Governance Index	5.20 0-10	2026	52.0	-4.0	-5.5
Voice and Accountability	0.09 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	48.1	-0.8	-17.4
Healthcare Access	4.80 0-10	2026	48.0	+11.0	+15.0
Rule of Law	0.19 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	46.2	-6.8	-6.9
Government Effectiveness	0.48 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	40.5	-11.2	-10.2
Communication Infrastructure	3.40 0-10	2026	34.0	+14.0	+19.5
Physical Infrastructure	3.40 0-10	2026	34.0	+4.0	+4.5
Disaster Risk Reduction	2.60 0-10	2026	26.0	-15.5	-10.0
Legal Rights Strength	9.00 0-12	2019	25.0	-25.0	-25.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Innovation (Readiness)	0.09 0-1	2023	91.1	-3.6	-3.2
Education (Readiness)	0.20 0-1	2023	80.2	+7.2	+7.3
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.34 0-1	2023	65.9	+1.6	-1.9
Doing Business Score	0.39 0-1	2023	60.8	+2.4	+9.7
ICT Infrastructure	0.41 0-1	2023	58.9	+11.2	+13.4
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.46 0-1	2023	53.9	+10.8	+5.6
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.48 0-1	2023	52.2	-0.4	-1.3
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.55 0-1	2023	45.4	-6.6	-6.4
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.63 0-1	2023	36.6	-14.9	-6.3

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is India?
India: mid-pack overall, with climate the main pressure, easing recently. Its overall risk score is 57 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives India's risk?
India's highest pressures are climate (71, high) and adaptation (61). Its strongest area is social (39).
How might India's climate change by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 35% of India's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 72 to 74 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will India warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), India is on track to warm by +3.1 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +184 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +1.9 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along India's coast?
Coastal sea level along India is projected to rise by +0.76 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.53 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in India?
The share of India under high water stress is projected to move from 69% today to 70% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in India?
The share of India exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 5.6% today to 8.5% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was India's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.