What drives Vietnam's risk?

Vietnam's highest pressures are climate (69, high) and governance (65). Its strongest area is social (24).

How might Vietnam's climate change by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 32% of Vietnam's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 76 to 76 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will Vietnam warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Vietnam is on track to warm by +2.9 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +117 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.0 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along Vietnam's coast?

Coastal sea level along Vietnam is projected to rise by +0.76 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.55 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in Vietnam?

The share of Vietnam under high water stress is projected to move from 4.6% today to 15% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in Vietnam?

The share of Vietnam exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 5.5% today to 10% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was Vietnam's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

Vietnam Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Asia
Subregion: South-Eastern Asia
Income: Lower middle income
ISO: VNM

Vietnam: mid-pack overall, with climate the main pressure.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is Vietnam, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Medium 52 / 100

69 Climate High
43 Nature +0.1 Medium
24 Social Low
65 Governance High
57 Adaptation -2.1 Medium

Which hazards threaten Vietnam most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

9.9FloodCritical

Vietnam in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

South-Eastern Asia

#6 of 11 · median 52

Asia

#31 of 48 · median 47

Lower middle income

#32 of 53 · median 49

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

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Vietnam: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Vietnam is projected to warm +2.9 °C, with annual rainfall changing +117 mm.

+2.9 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +2.0 °C → +2.9 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +1.6 °C → +2.0 °C

Hottest month +3.5 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

+117 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +66 mm → +117 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +49 mm → +69 mm

Driest month 0 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

15%

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 9% → 15%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 20% → 20%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 4.6% today.

10%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 7.2% → 10%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 4.4% → 7.7%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 5.5% today.

Sea level

Vietnam: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 8 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.22 m → +0.76 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.19 m → +0.55 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Flood Risk	9.90 0-10	2026	99.0	+47.0	+33.5
Coastal Protection Needed	89.3 % coast	2020	86.1	+1.8	-4.2
Fossil Fuel Consumption	79.3 % of total	2022	78.5	+5.8	-8.3
Renewable Energy Share	24.2 % of total energy	2021	74.9	-0.5	-15.7
Energy Imports	34.0 % of energy use	2022	71.5	+0.4	+0.8
Land Surface Temperature	27.6 deg C change	2021	65.5	+0.8	-2.0
Renewable Electricity Share	41.2 % of total	2021	58.8	-16.3	-24.2
Cooling Degree Days	4204 degree days	2020	57.6	+5.8	+6.6
Coal Electricity Share	40.2 % of total	2022	41.8	+25.1	+9.9
Heat Index	32.4 index	2020	23.8	+23.8	+21.7
PM2.5 Air Pollution	20.8 ug/m3	2020	19.8	+0.6	-6.4
Energy Intensity	3.85 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2021	15.7	-0.9	-2.8
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	3.62 metric tons	2020	11.5	+3.8	+0.6
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.27 kt CO2e per capita	2020	6.4	-0.6	+0.3
Energy Use Per Capita	1023 kg oil eq per capita	2022	5.7	-2.6	-3.2
Access to Clean Fuels	98.1 % population	2022	1.9	-8.3	-6.8
Heating Degree Days	205 degree days	2020	1.4	-0.1	-6.2

		Year		vs world	vs region
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+86.5	+84.0
Population Below 5m	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+85.3	+82.2
Protected Areas	2.90 % of land	2023	97.1	+8.2	+3.9
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.96 0-1	2023	95.9	+9.4	+18.1
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.93 0-1	2023	92.9	+8.7	+11.1
Dam Capacity	0.89 0-1	2023	88.7	-4.6	-4.9
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.79 0-1	2023	78.9	+2.6	-1.3
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.77 0-1	2023	76.8	+39.5	+40.1
Freshwater Withdrawal	22.8 % of internal resources	2021	70.3	+20.0	-5.3
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.66 0-1	2023	66.0	+0.2	+0.2
Rural Population	0.65 0-1	2023	65.2	+22.6	+20.6
Projected Warm Period Change	0.64 0-1	2023	64.4	-3.3	-0.9
Ecological Footprint	0.61 0-1	2023	60.8	+38.2	+35.9
Food Production Index	114 index	2022	60.0	-7.1	0.0
Water Dependency Ratio	0.59 0-1	2023	59.3	+52.4	+52.3
Tsunami Risk	5.90 0-10	2026	59.0	+48.0	+34.0
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.57 0-1	2023	57.0	+17.8	+23.8
Protected Biome Areas	0.56 0-1	2023	55.8	+14.8	+10.9
Paved Roads	0.53 0-1	2023	52.8	-2.3	+26.0
Forest Area	47.2 % of land	2022	50.1	-16.2	-34.8
Agricultural Land	39.3 % of land	2022	46.2	-1.1	+5.9
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.46 0-1	2023	46.2	-15.9	-14.8
Age Dependency Ratio	0.44 0-1	2023	44.3	-8.5	-1.3
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.43 0-1	2023	43.4	+3.8	+15.8
Access to Reliable Drinking Water	0.43 0-1	2023	42.8	+22.4	+14.9
Agricultural Capacity	0.39 0-1	2023	39.2	-52.6	-49.3
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.35 0-1	2023	35.3	-22.3	-20.0
Earthquake Risk	3.50 0-10	2026	35.0	0.0	-32.5
Urban Concentration	0.35 0-1	2023	34.8	-22.6	-20.6
Energy Import Dependency	0.34 0-1	2023	34.0	+8.3	+13.3
Projected Hydropower Change	0.34 0-1	2023	33.6	-10.1	-10.1
Agriculture GDP Share	11.9 % of GDP	2023	33.0	+14.1	+10.9
Threatened Mammal Species	56.0 count	2018	29.3	+24.1	+22.5
Projected Groundwater Change	0.29 0-1	2023	29.1	+2.9	+0.5
Natural Capital Dependency	0.27 0-1	2023	27.0	+5.2	+1.3
Projected Population Change	0.20 0-1	2023	19.8	-2.5	-3.8
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.20 0-1	2023	19.5	+12.1	-8.1
Child Malnutrition	0.18 0-1	2023	18.2	+4.4	+0.4
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.16 0-1	2023	15.6	-2.8	+3.5
Food Import Dependency	0.13 0-1	2023	13.0	-8.7	-6.4
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.09 0-1	2023	9.1	-21.2	-12.1
Slum Population	0.06 0-1	2023	5.8	-10.7	-13.0
Dependency Ratio	0.05 0-1	2023	5.2	-1.6	+1.3
Tree Cover Loss	193074 hectares	2021	3.0	+2.9	+3.0
Natural Resource Depletion	0.51 % of GNI	2021	0.9	-1.2	-1.7
Water Stress	18.1 %	2021	0.5	+0.2	-0.9
Electricity Access	0.00 0-1	2023	0.2	+0.2	+0.2
Forest Depletion	0.00 % of GNI	2021	0.0	-0.1	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Sanitation Access	43.7 % population	2022	57.9	+17.9	+23.5
Recent Shocks	5.60 0-10	2026	56.0	+55.0	+53.0
Education Expenditure	15.4 % of govt	2022	55.5	-9.4	-12.9
Shared Prosperity Growth	2.78 % annual	2022	53.7	-6.1	-3.1
Net Migration	-81789 persons	2023	52.3	-2.7	-2.6
Income Share Bottom 20%	6.80 %	2022	50.0	+5.6	+19.4
GDP Growth	5.07 % annual	2023	45.4	-3.5	-2.4
Safe Drinking Water	57.8 % population	2022	45.0	+23.5	+14.8
Gini Coefficient	36.1 0-100	2022	39.1	+8.4	+15.2
Life Expectancy	74.6 years	2023	36.9	-2.6	+3.7
Uprooted People	3.30 0-10	2026	33.0	-26.0	-20.5
Development and Deprivation	3.00 0-10	2026	30.0	0.0	+4.5
Internet Users	78.1 % population	2023	24.6	+3.7	+8.2
Primary School Enrollment	122 % gross	2023	23.2	-18.8	-17.8
Fertility Rate	1.91 births per woman	2023	22.0	-1.3	-1.2
Aging Population	8.62 % population	2023	20.3	+3.9	+6.5
Children Under 5	1.80 0-10	2026	18.0	+7.0	+5.0
Gender Labor Ratio	88.0 ratio F/M	2023	17.0	-10.0	-22.8
Unmet Contraception Need	10.1 %	2021	16.5	-30.8	+2.5
Under-5 Mortality Rate	20.0 per 1,000	2023	16.4	+4.2	+5.9
Food Security	1.50 0-10	2026	15.0	-3.0	-3.0
Labor Participation	79.3 % (15+)	2023	14.6	-15.5	-16.6
Communicable Disease Deaths	9.30 %	2019	12.5	-3.6	-1.7
Health Conditions	1.20 0-10	2026	12.0	+4.0	+8.0
Aid Dependency	1.10 0-10	2026	11.0	-14.0	-10.0
Overweight Adults	18.2 % adults	2022	9.2	-46.8	-45.5
ESG Performance Score	2.49 0-100	2018	8.9	-16.1	-17.5
Undernourishment	5.20 % population	2022	5.5	-0.3	-0.1
Adult Literacy Rate	96.0 %	2022	5.5	-15.8	-2.8
Unemployment Rate	1.65 %	2023	4.3	-9.9	-7.3
Population Density	318 people/km2	2022	1.7	+1.2	+1.1
Poverty Rate (National)	4.30 % population	2022	0.8	-31.7	-19.4
Access to Electricity	99.8 % population	2023	0.2	+0.2	+0.2

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	1066 count	2021	99.9	-0.1	-0.1
Scientific Articles	10530 count	2022	98.8	-1.1	-1.0
R&D Expenditure	0.42 % of GDP	2021	93.3	+6.5	-1.2
Voice and Accountability	-1.24 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	74.8	+25.9	+9.3
Control of Corruption	-0.42 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	58.3	+2.7	0.0
Regulatory Quality	-0.38 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	57.7	+5.0	+3.1
INFORM Governance Index	5.60 0-10	2026	56.0	0.0	-1.5
Rule of Law	-0.09 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	51.7	-1.3	-1.4
Political Stability	-0.04 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	50.7	+0.9	-4.9
Women in Parliament	30.3 % seats	2023	50.6	-7.6	-18.6
Government Effectiveness	0.13 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	47.5	-4.2	-3.2
Healthcare Access	4.00 0-10	2026	40.0	+3.0	+7.0
Legal Rights Strength	8.00 0-12	2019	33.3	-16.7	-16.7
Physical Infrastructure	2.80 0-10	2026	28.0	-2.0	-1.5
Communication Infrastructure	1.50 0-10	2026	15.0	-5.0	+0.5

		Year		vs world	vs region
Innovation (Readiness)	0.05 0-1	2023	94.8	+0.1	+0.5
Education (Readiness)	0.25 0-1	2023	74.8	+1.8	+1.9
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.33 0-1	2023	67.0	+2.7	-0.8
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.43 0-1	2023	57.1	+4.5	+3.6
Doing Business Score	0.49 0-1	2023	50.9	-7.5	-0.2
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.49 0-1	2023	50.8	-1.2	-1.0
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.52 0-1	2023	47.8	-3.7	+4.9
ICT Infrastructure	0.55 0-1	2023	45.2	-2.5	-0.3
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.56 0-1	2023	43.6	+0.5	-4.7

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is Vietnam?
Vietnam: mid-pack overall, with climate the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 52 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Vietnam's risk?
Vietnam's highest pressures are climate (69, high) and governance (65). Its strongest area is social (24).
How might Vietnam's climate change by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 32% of Vietnam's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 76 to 76 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Vietnam warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Vietnam is on track to warm by +2.9 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +117 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.0 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along Vietnam's coast?
Coastal sea level along Vietnam is projected to rise by +0.76 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.55 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in Vietnam?
The share of Vietnam under high water stress is projected to move from 4.6% today to 15% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Vietnam?
The share of Vietnam exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 5.5% today to 10% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Vietnam's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.