What drives Singapore's risk?

Singapore's highest pressures are governance (41, medium) and nature (23). Its strongest area is social (13).

How might Singapore's climate change by 2080?

Singapore's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will Singapore warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Singapore is on track to warm by +2.5 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +76 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +1.7 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along Singapore's coast?

Coastal sea level along Singapore is projected to rise by +0.82 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.60 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in Singapore?

The share of Singapore under high water stress is projected to move from 0% today to 0% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in Singapore?

The share of Singapore exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 0% today to 0% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was Singapore's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

Singapore Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Asia
Subregion: South-Eastern Asia
Income: High income, non-OECD
ISO: SGP

Singapore: low across the board; strong social keeps overall risk contained.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is Singapore, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Low 24 / 100

23 Climate Low
23 Nature -0.1 Low
13 Social Very low
41 Governance Medium
20 Adaptation -0.8 Low

Which hazards threaten Singapore most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

0.0FloodVery low

Singapore in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

South-Eastern Asia

#1 of 11 · median 52

Asia

#1 of 48 · median 47

High income: nonOECD

#1 of 20 · median 36

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

Compare Score a site here

Singapore: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Singapore is projected to warm +2.5 °C, with annual rainfall changing +76 mm.

+2.5 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +1.7 °C → +2.5 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +1.3 °C → +1.7 °C

Hottest month +2.6 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

+76 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: -6 mm → +76 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +88 mm → +23 mm

Driest month -16 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 0% → 0%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 0% → 0%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 0% today.

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 0% → 0%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 0% → 0%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 0% today.

Sea level

Singapore: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 1 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.25 m → +0.82 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.22 m → +0.60 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Renewable Energy Share	1.10 % of total energy	2021	98.9	+23.5	+8.3
Fossil Fuel Consumption	97.9 % of total	2022	97.8	+25.1	+11.0
Renewable Electricity Share	4.02 % of total	2021	96.0	+20.9	+13.0
Energy Imports	243 % of energy use	2022	88.2	+17.1	+17.5
Cooling Degree Days	5953 degree days	2020	81.5	+29.7	+30.5
Land Surface Temperature	33.5 deg C change	2021	77.8	+13.1	+10.3
Coastal Protection Needed	82.8 % coast	2020	77.6	-6.7	-12.7
N2O Emissions Per Capita	1.81 kt CO2e per capita	2020	42.4	+35.4	+36.3
Energy Use Per Capita	6630 kg oil eq per capita	2022	39.5	+31.2	+30.6
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	7.69 metric tons	2020	24.4	+16.7	+13.5
PM2.5 Air Pollution	13.9 ug/m3	2020	11.2	-8.0	-15.0
Energy Intensity	2.51 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2021	8.1	-8.5	-10.3
Coal Electricity Share	1.00 % of total	2022	1.0	-15.7	-30.9
Flood Risk	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-52.0	-65.5
Heating Degree Days	0.00 degree days	2020	0.0	-1.4	-7.6
Heat Index	0.00 index	2020	0.0	-0.1	-2.1
Access to Clean Fuels	100 % population	2022	0.0	-10.3	-8.7

		Year		vs world	vs region
Urban Concentration	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+42.6	+44.6
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+86.5	+84.0
Energy Import Dependency	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+74.3	+79.3
Dam Capacity	1.00 0-1	2023	99.7	+6.4	+6.1
Protected Areas	2.50 % of land	2023	97.5	+8.6	+4.3
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.92 0-1	2023	92.4	+5.9	+14.6
Freshwater Withdrawal	83.1 % of internal resources	2021	87.8	+37.5	+12.2
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.80 0-1	2023	80.2	+3.9	0.0
Forest Area	21.2 % of land	2022	77.6	+11.3	-7.3
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.75 0-1	2023	75.1	+35.5	+47.4
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.72 0-1	2023	71.9	-12.3	-9.9
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.71 0-1	2023	71.2	+63.8	+43.7
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.66 0-1	2023	65.8	0.0	0.0
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.64 0-1	2023	63.9	+45.5	+51.8
Projected Warm Period Change	0.57 0-1	2023	57.5	-10.3	-7.8
Natural Capital Dependency	0.56 0-1	2023	56.0	+34.2	+30.3
Food Production Index	131 index	2022	43.7	-23.4	-16.3
Projected Hydropower Change	0.44 0-1	2023	43.7	0.0	0.0
Agricultural Capacity	0.43 0-1	2023	43.4	-48.4	-45.1
Age Dependency Ratio	0.26 0-1	2023	25.7	-27.1	-19.9
Projected Population Change	0.22 0-1	2023	21.7	-0.6	-1.9
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.18 0-1	2023	18.3	-18.9	-18.4
Protected Biome Areas	0.17 0-1	2023	17.4	-23.6	-27.5
Child Malnutrition	0.15 0-1	2023	14.9	+1.1	-2.9
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.10 0-1	2023	10.3	-51.8	-50.7
Threatened Mammal Species	14.0 count	2018	7.3	+2.1	+0.5
Food Import Dependency	0.06 0-1	2023	5.7	-16.0	-13.8
Population Below 5m	0.04 0-1	2023	4.0	-10.8	-13.8
Water Stress	83.1 %	2021	2.2	+1.9	+0.8
Earthquake Risk	0.10 0-10	2026	1.0	-34.0	-66.5
Agricultural Land	0.92 % of land	2022	0.6	-46.7	-39.7
Agriculture GDP Share	0.03 % of GDP	2023	0.1	-18.8	-22.0
Tsunami Risk	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-11.0	-25.0
Tree Cover Loss	201 hectares	2021	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Natural Resource Depletion	0.00 % of GNI	2021	0.0	-2.1	-2.6
Forest Depletion	0.00 % of GNI	2021	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Water Bodies Extent	100 % of land	2020	0.0	-21.6	-28.1
Rural Population	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-42.6	-44.6
Water Dependency Ratio	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-6.9	-7.0
Access to Reliable Drinking Water	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-20.4	-27.9
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-30.3	-21.2
Dependency Ratio	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-6.8	-3.9
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-39.3	-33.2
Ecological Footprint	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-22.6	-24.9
Paved Roads	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-55.0	-26.8
Electricity Access	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Hospital Beds	2.65 per 1,000	2021	81.5	-2.4	-3.8
Education Expenditure	10.1 % of govt	2022	77.0	+12.1	+8.6
Primary School Enrollment	99.6 % gross	2022	63.9	+0.3	-0.3
School Gender Parity	1.00 ratio	2020	59.8	+2.9	+3.4
Net Migration	26996 persons	2023	56.0	+1.0	+1.1
GDP Growth	1.82 % annual	2023	50.6	+1.7	+2.8
Population Density	7851 people/km2	2022	42.0	+41.5	+41.4
Overweight Adults	40.7 % adults	2022	37.6	-18.4	-17.1
Aging Population	13.1 % population	2023	33.1	+16.7	+19.3
Communicable Disease Deaths	20.7 %	2019	30.4	+14.3	+16.2
Gender Labor Ratio	81.3 ratio F/M	2023	24.0	-3.0	-15.8
Labor Participation	76.1 % (15+)	2023	19.4	-10.7	-11.8
Food Security	1.80 0-10	2026	18.0	0.0	0.0
Uprooted People	1.10 0-10	2026	11.0	-48.0	-42.5
Life Expectancy	82.9 years	2023	10.9	-28.6	-22.3
Unemployment Rate	3.44 %	2023	9.5	-4.7	-2.1
ESG Performance Score	2.48 0-100	2018	9.5	-15.5	-16.9
Internet Users	94.3 % population	2023	6.4	-14.5	-10.0
Fertility Rate	0.97 births per woman	2023	4.6	-18.7	-18.6
Health Conditions	0.40 0-10	2026	4.0	-4.0	0.0
Adult Literacy Rate	98.0 %	2021	3.2	-3.3	-6.2
Children Under 5	0.20 0-10	2026	2.0	-9.0	-11.0
Under-5 Mortality Rate	2.10 per 1,000	2023	0.6	-11.6	-9.9
Aid Dependency	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-25.0	-21.0
Development and Deprivation	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-30.0	-25.5
Recent Shocks	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-1.0	-3.0
Access to Electricity	100 % population	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sanitation Access	100 % population	2022	0.0	-40.0	-34.4
Safe Drinking Water	100 % population	2022	0.0	-21.5	-30.2

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	2024 count	2021	99.9	-0.1	-0.1
Scientific Articles	12700 count	2022	98.6	-1.3	-1.2
R&D Expenditure	2.16 % of GDP	2020	63.2	-22.8	-32.3
Women in Parliament	29.1 % seats	2023	52.4	-5.8	-16.8
Voice and Accountability	-0.07 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	51.3	+2.4	-14.2
Legal Rights Strength	8.00 0-12	2019	33.3	-16.7	-16.7
Political Stability	1.42 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	21.5	-28.3	-34.1
Rule of Law	1.75 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	14.9	-38.1	-38.2
Healthcare Access	1.00 0-10	2026	10.0	-27.0	-23.0
INFORM Governance Index	1.00 0-10	2026	10.0	-46.0	-47.5
Control of Corruption	2.04 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	9.2	-46.4	-49.1
Communication Infrastructure	0.70 0-10	2026	7.0	-13.0	-7.5
Regulatory Quality	2.31 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	3.8	-49.0	-50.8
Government Effectiveness	2.32 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	3.7	-48.0	-47.0
Physical Infrastructure	0.00 0-10	2026	0.0	-30.0	-29.5

		Year		vs world	vs region
Education (Readiness)	0.59 0-1	2023	41.2	-31.8	-31.7
ICT Infrastructure	0.65 0-1	2023	35.3	-12.4	-10.2
Doing Business Score	0.77 0-1	2023	22.6	-35.8	-28.5
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.81 0-1	2023	18.5	-24.6	-29.8
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.85 0-1	2023	14.7	-37.3	-37.1
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.89 0-1	2023	10.6	-53.7	-57.2
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.96 0-1	2023	3.8	-48.8	-49.8
Innovation (Readiness)	1.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-94.7	-94.3

These indicators have site-level resolution. Score your exact location.

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is Singapore?
Singapore: low across the board; strong social keeps overall risk contained. Its overall risk score is 24 out of 100 (low), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Singapore's risk?
Singapore's highest pressures are governance (41, medium) and nature (23). Its strongest area is social (13).
How might Singapore's climate change by 2080?
Singapore's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Singapore warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Singapore is on track to warm by +2.5 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +76 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +1.7 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along Singapore's coast?
Coastal sea level along Singapore is projected to rise by +0.82 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.60 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in Singapore?
The share of Singapore under high water stress is projected to move from 0% today to 0% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Singapore?
The share of Singapore exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 0% today to 0% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Singapore's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.