What drives Thailand's risk?

Thailand's highest pressures are climate (71, high) and governance (62). Its strongest area is social (31).

How might Thailand's climate change by 2080?

Thailand's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will Thailand warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Thailand is on track to warm by +3.1 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +53 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.1 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along Thailand's coast?

Coastal sea level along Thailand is projected to rise by +0.77 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.55 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in Thailand?

The share of Thailand under high water stress is projected to move from 58% today to 59% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in Thailand?

The share of Thailand exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 4.5% today to 6.2% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was Thailand's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

Thailand Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Asia
Subregion: South-Eastern Asia
Income: Upper middle income
ISO: THA

Thailand: mid-pack overall, with climate the main pressure, easing recently.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is Thailand, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Medium 51 / 100

71 Climate High
41 Nature -0.3 Medium
31 Social Low
62 Governance High
51 Adaptation -3.3 Medium

Which hazards threaten Thailand most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

9.8FloodCritical
4.3DRR capacityMedium

Thailand in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

South-Eastern Asia

#5 of 11 · median 52

Asia

#30 of 48 · median 47

Upper middle income

#43 of 53 · median 44

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

Compare Score a site here

Thailand: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Thailand is projected to warm +3.1 °C, with annual rainfall changing +53 mm.

+3.1 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +2.0 °C → +3.1 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +1.6 °C → +2.1 °C

Hottest month +3.3 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

+53 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +14 mm → +53 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +6 mm → +19 mm

Driest month 0 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

59%

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 58% → 59%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 59% → 57%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 58% today.

6.2%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 4.7% → 6.2%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 3.5% → 7.1%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 4.5% today.

Sea level

Thailand: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 8 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.22 m → +0.77 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.19 m → +0.55 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Flood Risk	9.80 0-10	2026	98.0	+46.0	+32.5
Renewable Electricity Share	19.7 % of total	2021	80.3	+5.2	-2.7
Renewable Energy Share	19.0 % of total energy	2021	80.3	+4.9	-10.3
Fossil Fuel Consumption	79.7 % of total	2022	78.8	+6.1	-8.0
Cooling Degree Days	5752 degree days	2020	78.7	+26.9	+27.7
Coastal Protection Needed	82.3 % coast	2020	77.1	-7.2	-13.2
Energy Imports	57.4 % of energy use	2022	73.4	+2.3	+2.7
Land Surface Temperature	30.6 deg C change	2021	71.7	+7.0	+4.2
Heat Index	49.4 index	2020	36.3	+36.3	+34.2
PM2.5 Air Pollution	31.0 ug/m3	2020	32.5	+13.3	+6.3
Coal Electricity Share	19.6 % of total	2022	20.4	+3.7	-11.5
Energy Intensity	4.44 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2021	19.0	+2.4	+0.6
Access to Clean Fuels	86.1 % population	2022	13.9	+3.7	+5.3
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	3.71 metric tons	2020	11.7	+4.0	+0.8
Energy Use Per Capita	1857 kg oil eq per capita	2022	10.8	+2.5	+1.9
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.29 kt CO2e per capita	2020	6.8	-0.2	+0.7
Heating Degree Days	2.98 degree days	2020	0.0	-1.4	-7.6

		Year		vs world	vs region
Population Below 5m	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+85.3	+82.2
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.97 0-1	2023	96.9	+10.4	+19.1
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.87 0-1	2023	87.3	+3.1	+5.5
Protected Areas	13.4 % of land	2023	86.6	-2.3	-6.6
Agricultural Capacity	0.80 0-1	2023	80.1	-11.7	-8.4
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.75 0-1	2023	74.5	+35.3	+41.3
Freshwater Withdrawal	25.5 % of internal resources	2021	72.7	+22.4	-2.9
Dam Capacity	0.72 0-1	2023	72.1	-21.2	-21.5
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.70 0-1	2023	70.4	-5.9	-9.8
Food Production Index	104 index	2022	68.9	+1.8	+8.9
Projected Warm Period Change	0.69 0-1	2023	68.7	+1.0	+3.4
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.67 0-1	2023	66.5	+0.7	+0.7
Water Bodies Extent	36.0 % of land	2020	64.0	+42.4	+36.0
Forest Area	38.8 % of land	2022	59.0	-7.3	-25.9
Tsunami Risk	5.80 0-10	2026	58.0	+47.0	+33.0
Energy Import Dependency	0.57 0-1	2023	57.4	+31.7	+36.7
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.56 0-1	2023	55.7	+18.5	+19.0
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.55 0-1	2023	55.3	-2.3	0.0
Agricultural Land	46.0 % of land	2022	54.2	+6.9	+13.9
Rural Population	0.50 0-1	2023	50.0	+7.4	+5.4
Urban Concentration	0.50 0-1	2023	50.0	-7.4	-5.4
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.50 0-1	2023	49.5	+9.9	+21.9
Water Dependency Ratio	0.49 0-1	2023	48.8	+41.9	+41.8
Projected Hydropower Change	0.42 0-1	2023	41.9	-1.8	-1.8
Protected Biome Areas	0.41 0-1	2023	41.0	0.0	-3.9
Ecological Footprint	0.39 0-1	2023	39.4	+16.8	+14.5
Age Dependency Ratio	0.38 0-1	2023	38.1	-14.6	-7.5
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.33 0-1	2023	33.3	-28.9	-27.7
Disaster Preparedness	0.33 0-1	2023	32.5	+2.5	+7.5
Threatened Mammal Species	59.0 count	2018	30.9	+25.7	+24.1
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.30 0-1	2023	30.3	0.0	+9.1
Projected Groundwater Change	0.30 0-1	2023	29.9	+3.7	+1.3
Child Malnutrition	0.30 0-1	2023	29.8	+16.0	+12.0
Natural Capital Dependency	0.25 0-1	2023	25.1	+3.3	-0.6
Agriculture GDP Share	8.56 % of GDP	2023	23.8	+4.9	+1.7
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.23 0-1	2023	23.4	+5.0	+11.3
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.22 0-1	2023	21.9	+14.4	-5.7
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	0.22 0-1	2023	21.7	+8.2	+5.7
Earthquake Risk	1.70 0-10	2026	17.0	-18.0	-50.5
Food Import Dependency	0.11 0-1	2023	10.6	-11.1	-8.8
Projected Population Change	0.09 0-1	2023	9.4	-12.9	-14.2
Slum Population	0.07 0-1	2023	6.9	-9.6	-11.9
Paved Roads	0.03 0-1	2023	2.5	-52.5	-24.3
Natural Resource Depletion	1.38 % of GNI	2021	2.4	+0.3	-0.2
Tree Cover Loss	122816 hectares	2021	1.9	+1.8	+1.9
Water Stress	23.0 %	2021	0.6	+0.3	-0.8
Dependency Ratio	0.00 0-1	2023	0.2	-6.6	-3.7
Forest Depletion	0.00 % of GNI	2021	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Electricity Access	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Recent Shocks	8.70 0-10	2026	87.0	+86.0	+84.0
Hospital Beds	2.34 per 1,000	2021	84.0	+0.1	-1.3
Uprooted People	8.10 0-10	2026	81.0	+22.0	+27.5
Sanitation Access	26.3 % population	2022	75.7	+35.7	+41.4
Education Expenditure	11.2 % of govt	2022	72.5	+7.6	+4.1
Net Migration	19648 persons	2023	55.7	+0.7	+0.8
GDP Growth	2.02 % annual	2023	50.3	+1.4	+2.5
Overweight Adults	45.7 % adults	2022	43.8	-12.2	-10.9
Aging Population	14.7 % population	2023	37.8	+21.4	+24.0
Primary School Enrollment	103 % gross	2023	37.6	-4.4	-3.4
Life Expectancy	76.4 years	2023	31.2	-8.3	-2.0
Shared Prosperity Growth	1.79 % annual	2023	29.4	-24.5	-11.6
Gender Labor Ratio	79.0 ratio F/M	2023	26.3	-0.7	-13.5
Income Share Bottom 20%	7.90 %	2023	26.2	-39.4	-7.4
Food Security	2.50 0-10	2026	25.0	+7.0	+7.0
Gini Coefficient	33.5 0-100	2023	23.6	-27.7	-4.3
Labor Participation	75.3 % (15+)	2023	20.6	-9.5	-10.6
ESG Performance Score	2.34 0-100	2018	20.0	-5.0	-6.4
Communicable Disease Deaths	13.9 %	2019	19.7	+3.6	+5.5
Development and Deprivation	1.50 0-10	2026	15.0	-15.0	-10.5
Adult Literacy Rate	91.1 %	2022	12.2	-9.1	+3.9
Internet Users	89.5 % population	2023	11.8	-9.1	-4.6
Children Under 5	1.10 0-10	2026	11.0	0.0	-2.0
Health Conditions	1.00 0-10	2026	10.0	+2.0	+6.0
Unmet Contraception Need	8.94 %	2022	9.7	-37.7	-8.3
Fertility Rate	1.21 births per woman	2023	9.1	-14.2	-14.1
Under-5 Mortality Rate	9.20 per 1,000	2023	6.9	-5.3	-3.6
Undernourishment	5.60 % population	2022	6.4	+0.6	+0.8
Aid Dependency	0.60 0-10	2026	6.0	-19.0	-15.0
Poverty Rate (National)	5.40 % population	2022	3.0	-29.5	-17.2
Unemployment Rate	0.73 %	2023	1.7	-12.5	-9.9
Population Density	140 people/km2	2022	0.7	+0.2	+0.1
Access to Electricity	100 % population	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0
School Gender Parity	1.03 ratio	2022	0.0	-50.0	-50.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	867 count	2021	99.9	-0.1	-0.1
Scientific Articles	18491 count	2022	97.9	-2.0	-1.9
R&D Expenditure	1.16 % of GDP	2022	81.2	-6.8	-15.9
Women in Parliament	18.8 % seats	2023	69.2	+11.0	0.0
Control of Corruption	-0.49 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	59.8	+4.2	+1.5
Voice and Accountability	-0.45 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	59.0	+10.1	-6.5
INFORM Governance Index	5.60 0-10	2026	56.0	0.0	-1.5
Political Stability	-0.28 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	55.6	+5.8	0.0
Regulatory Quality	0.16 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	46.8	-6.0	-7.8
Government Effectiveness	0.17 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	46.6	-5.1	-4.1
Rule of Law	0.24 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	45.1	-7.9	-8.0
Healthcare Access	4.30 0-10	2026	43.0	+6.0	+10.0
Disaster Risk Reduction	4.30 0-10	2026	43.0	+1.5	+7.0
Legal Rights Strength	7.00 0-12	2019	41.7	-8.3	-8.3
Physical Infrastructure	1.90 0-10	2026	19.0	-11.0	-10.5
Communication Infrastructure	1.20 0-10	2026	12.0	-8.0	-2.5

		Year		vs world	vs region
Innovation (Readiness)	0.06 0-1	2023	94.2	-0.5	-0.1
Education (Readiness)	0.28 0-1	2023	72.4	-0.6	-0.5
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.31 0-1	2023	68.7	+4.4	+0.9
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.51 0-1	2023	49.3	-2.2	+6.4
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.52 0-1	2023	47.8	+4.7	-0.5
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.54 0-1	2023	46.4	-6.2	-7.1
ICT Infrastructure	0.55 0-1	2023	44.5	-3.2	-1.0
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.56 0-1	2023	44.3	-7.7	-7.5
Doing Business Score	0.64 0-1	2023	36.4	-22.0	-14.7

These indicators have site-level resolution. Score your exact location.

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is Thailand?
Thailand: mid-pack overall, with climate the main pressure, easing recently. Its overall risk score is 51 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Thailand's risk?
Thailand's highest pressures are climate (71, high) and governance (62). Its strongest area is social (31).
How might Thailand's climate change by 2080?
Thailand's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Thailand warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Thailand is on track to warm by +3.1 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +53 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.1 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along Thailand's coast?
Coastal sea level along Thailand is projected to rise by +0.77 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.55 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in Thailand?
The share of Thailand under high water stress is projected to move from 58% today to 59% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Thailand?
The share of Thailand exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 4.5% today to 6.2% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Thailand's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.