What drives Bosnia and Herz.'s risk?

Bosnia and Herz.'s highest pressures are governance (67, high) and adaptation (63). Its strongest area is nature (31).

How might Bosnia and Herz.'s climate change by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 38% of Bosnia and Herz.'s land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 74 to 75 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will Bosnia and Herz. warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Bosnia and Herz. is on track to warm by +3.8 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by -8 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.6 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along Bosnia and Herz.'s coast?

Coastal sea level along Bosnia and Herz. is projected to rise by +0.68 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.50 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in Bosnia and Herz.?

The share of Bosnia and Herz. under high water stress is projected to move from 0% today to 0% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in Bosnia and Herz.?

The share of Bosnia and Herz. exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 1% today to 0.7% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was Bosnia and Herz.'s risk data last updated?

Updated October 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

Bosnia and Herz. Climate risk profile and hazard map

Name: Bosnia and Herz. country risk profile
Creator: Criora
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Region: Europe
Subregion: Southern Europe
Income: Upper middle income
ISO: BIH

Bosnia and Herz.: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is Bosnia and Herz., overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Medium 49 / 100

48 Climate Medium
31 Nature +0.4 Low
37 Social Low
67 Governance High
63 Adaptation -0.1 High

Which hazards threaten Bosnia and Herz. most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

5.9FloodMedium

Bosnia and Herz. in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

Southern Europe

#14 of 14 · median 42

Europe

#43 of 43 · median 38

Upper middle income

#41 of 53 · median 44

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

Compare Score a site here

Bosnia and Herz.: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Bosnia and Herz. is projected to warm +3.8 °C, with annual rainfall changing -8 mm.

+3.8 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +3.2 °C → +3.8 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +2.3 °C → +2.6 °C

Hottest month +6.9 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

-8 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: -4 mm → -8 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +13 mm → +4 mm

Driest month -5 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 0% → 0%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 0% → 0%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 0% today.

0.7%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 1% → 0.7%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 1% → 0.9%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 1% today.

Sea level

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.21 m → +0.68 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.19 m → +0.50 m

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Energy Imports	24.9 % of energy use	2023	65.8	-1.7	-2.3
Drought Index (SPEI)	0.69 index	2023	65.0	+20.9	+17.3
Renewable Energy Share	36.6 % of total energy	2021	62.0	-13.4	-15.8
Renewable Electricity Share	39.3 % of total	2021	60.7	-14.4	+0.6
Access to Clean Fuels	39.5 % population	2023	60.5	+52.2	+60.5
Flood Risk	5.90 0-10	2026	59.0	+7.0	0.0
Coal Electricity Share	56.4 % of total	2023	57.1	+43.0	+49.5
Fossil Fuel Consumption	0.00 % of total	2023	50.0	0.0	0.0
Land Surface Temperature	16.6 deg C change	2021	42.9	-21.8	+4.5
Energy Intensity	5.53 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2022	35.5	+16.3	+21.0
Heating Degree Days	4567 degree days	2024	33.3	+20.3	-4.1
PM2.5 Air Pollution	26.6 ug/m3	2020	27.1	+7.9	+19.2
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	6.35 metric tons	2020	20.2	+12.5	+5.2
Energy Use Per Capita	2171 kg oil eq per capita	2023	12.9	+4.3	-2.1
Cooling Degree Days	828 degree days	2024	11.0	-43.1	+5.5
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.39 kt CO2e per capita	2020	9.1	+2.1	-1.5
Methane Emissions Per Capita	1.11 kt CO2e per capita	2020	8.5	+0.4	+1.4
Heat Index	0.02 days	2024	0.0	-4.3	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Protected Areas	9.50 % of land	2024	90.5	+2.2	+8.8
Agricultural Capacity	0.88 0-1	2023	88.5	-3.3	+5.8
Dam Capacity	0.77 0-1	2023	77.1	-16.2	-14.4
Projected Warm Period Change	0.75 0-1	2023	75.3	+7.5	+1.8
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.75 0-1	2023	74.9	-1.4	+28.8
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.72 0-1	2023	72.1	-12.1	+12.2
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.70 0-1	2023	69.9	-16.6	+39.1
Water Bodies Extent	30.6 % of land	2023	69.4	+37.2	+20.3
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.66 0-1	2023	65.8	0.0	0.0
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.62 0-1	2023	62.4	+4.8	-3.5
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.62 0-1	2023	61.5	-0.6	+23.0
Food Production Index	113 index	2022	60.2	-6.9	-12.1
Earthquake Risk	6.00 0-10	2026	60.0	+25.0	+28.5
Projected Hydropower Change	0.60 0-1	2023	59.8	+16.1	+14.4
Forest Area	42.7 % of land	2023	54.8	-11.5	-9.7
Rural Population	0.54 0-1	2023	53.6	+11.0	+25.8
Age Dependency Ratio	0.51 0-1	2023	51.0	-1.8	-1.1
Protected Biome Areas	0.49 0-1	2023	49.4	+8.4	+29.9
Urban Concentration	0.46 0-1	2023	46.4	-11.0	-25.8
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.46 0-1	2023	46.0	+6.8	+35.6
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.33 0-1	2023	33.3	-6.3	+9.6
Natural Capital Dependency	0.30 0-1	2023	30.4	+8.6	+1.9
Energy Import Dependency	0.26 0-1	2023	26.4	+0.7	-22.5
Food Import Dependency	0.26 0-1	2023	25.7	+4.0	+8.9
Agricultural Land	21.7 % of land	2023	24.8	-19.5	-22.3
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.23 0-1	2023	22.7	-14.6	-16.9
Projected Groundwater Change	0.22 0-1	2023	21.9	-4.3	-3.7
Freshwater Withdrawal	0.88 % of internal resources	2022	13.5	-36.8	-38.5
Access to Reliable Drinking Water	0.13 0-1	2023	13.2	-7.2	+11.1
Agriculture GDP Share	4.53 % of GDP	2024	10.7	-5.1	+5.5
Dependency Ratio	0.10 0-1	2023	9.6	+2.8	+9.6
Child Malnutrition	0.10 0-1	2023	9.5	-4.3	+9.5
Paved Roads	0.08 0-1	2023	8.0	-47.0	-2.1
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.07 0-1	2023	7.4	-11.0	-2.2
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.06 0-1	2023	6.1	-24.2	+3.1
Water Dependency Ratio	0.05 0-1	2023	5.3	-1.6	-9.9
Projected Population Change	0.04 0-1	2023	4.2	-18.1	-4.4
Slum Population	0.04 0-1	2023	4.0	-12.5	+4.0
Tsunami Risk	0.30 0-10	2026	3.0	-8.0	+3.0
Threatened Mammal Species	5.00 count	2022	2.4	-2.8	0.0
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.01 0-1	2023	0.7	-6.8	-7.0
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	0.00 0-1	2023	0.2	-13.3	-10.2
Population Below 5m	0.00 0-1	2023	0.1	-14.7	-9.5
Natural Resource Depletion	0.07 % of GNI	2021	0.1	-2.0	-0.2
Water Stress	2.07 %	2022	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Electricity Access	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0
Forest Depletion	0.00 % of GNI	2021	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Tree Cover Loss	2225 hectares	2024	0.0	-0.1	-0.1

		Year		vs world	vs region
Hospital Beds	2.35 per 1,000	2019	82.7	+2.3	+17.7
Education Expenditure	10.2 % of govt	2021	77.0	+8.3	+1.5
Uprooted People	7.10 0-10	2026	71.0	+12.0	+1.5
Aging Population	22.2 % population	2024	59.6	+42.7	+4.7
Overweight Adults	56.9 % adults	2022	57.8	+1.8	+0.4
Aid Dependency	5.40 0-10	2026	54.0	+29.0	+48.0
Net Migration	-4497 persons	2024	52.0	-0.1	-0.2
GDP Growth	1.99 % annual	2023	50.3	+1.4	0.0
Sanitation Access	56.6 % population	2018	46.4	-0.4	+35.3
Primary School Enrollment	101 % gross	2023	42.0	-0.9	-0.2
Labor Participation	62.9 % (15+)	2024	39.9	+11.0	+20.8
Gender Labor Ratio	65.3 ratio F/M	2024	39.6	+14.2	+19.1
Unemployment Rate	10.7 %	2024	30.6	+16.5	+15.6
Communicable Disease Deaths	21.9 %	2021	30.3	-6.3	+8.5
Income Share Bottom 20%	8.20 %	2021	28.2	-11.9	-7.0
Life Expectancy	78.0 years	2024	26.5	-13.3	+11.9
Gini Coefficient	30.3 0-100	2021	20.0	-12.1	-4.2
Development and Deprivation	1.90 0-10	2026	19.0	-11.0	+19.0
Internet Users	86.1 % population	2024	15.2	-4.3	+8.2
Safe Drinking Water	86.4 % population	2024	14.5	-10.7	+12.5
Fertility Rate	1.49 births per woman	2024	14.1	-8.9	+1.8
ESG Performance Score	4.54 0-100	2020	9.0	-7.5	+4.7
Food Security	0.70 0-10	2026	7.0	-11.0	-0.5
Children Under 5	0.50 0-10	2026	5.0	-6.0	+2.0
Under-5 Mortality Rate	6.90 per 1,000	2024	4.9	-7.0	+2.8
Recent Shocks	0.30 0-10	2026	3.0	+2.0	+3.0
Health Conditions	0.20 0-10	2026	2.0	-6.0	0.0
Population Density	62.2 people/km2	2023	0.3	-0.2	-0.2
Access to Electricity	100 % population	2023	0.0	0.0	0.0
Undernourishment	2.50 % population	2023	0.0	-5.2	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	53.0 count	2021	100.0	0.0	0.0
Scientific Articles	1039 count	2022	99.9	0.0	+0.9
R&D Expenditure	0.21 % of GDP	2024	90.7	+2.8	+9.2
Women in Parliament	19.0 % seats	2024	70.1	+11.0	+22.9
Government Effectiveness	-0.97 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	69.4	+17.7	+40.1
INFORM Governance Index	6.50 0-10	2026	65.0	+9.0	+28.5
Control of Corruption	-0.58 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	61.6	+6.0	+27.0
Political Stability	-0.35 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	57.1	+7.3	+19.1
Rule of Law	-0.35 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	57.0	+4.0	+28.4
Voice and Accountability	-0.32 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	56.4	+7.5	+27.9
Regulatory Quality	-0.14 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	52.8	+0.0	+21.4
Legal Rights Strength	7.00 0-12	2019	41.7	-8.3	-8.3
Healthcare Access	2.80 0-10	2026	28.0	-9.0	+22.5
Communication Infrastructure	1.50 0-10	2026	15.0	-5.0	+1.0
Physical Infrastructure	1.30 0-10	2026	13.0	-17.0	+12.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Innovation (Readiness)	0.08 0-1	2023	92.2	-2.5	+17.7
Education (Readiness)	0.27 0-1	2023	73.1	+0.0	+18.2
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.29 0-1	2023	70.9	+6.6	+31.1
Doing Business Score	0.30 0-1	2023	69.6	+11.2	+25.4
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.44 0-1	2023	56.0	+4.0	+27.9
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.48 0-1	2023	52.3	-0.3	+21.2
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.51 0-1	2023	49.1	+6.0	+16.4
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.56 0-1	2023	44.0	-7.5	+5.9
ICT Infrastructure	0.61 0-1	2023	39.3	-8.4	+6.1

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is Bosnia and Herz.?
Bosnia and Herz.: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 49 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Bosnia and Herz.'s risk?
Bosnia and Herz.'s highest pressures are governance (67, high) and adaptation (63). Its strongest area is nature (31).
How might Bosnia and Herz.'s climate change by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 38% of Bosnia and Herz.'s land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 74 to 75 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Bosnia and Herz. warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Bosnia and Herz. is on track to warm by +3.8 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by -8 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.6 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along Bosnia and Herz.'s coast?
Coastal sea level along Bosnia and Herz. is projected to rise by +0.68 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.50 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in Bosnia and Herz.?
The share of Bosnia and Herz. under high water stress is projected to move from 0% today to 0% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Bosnia and Herz.?
The share of Bosnia and Herz. exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 1% today to 0.7% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Bosnia and Herz.'s risk data last updated?
Updated October 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.