Peru: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 53 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

What drives Peru's risk?

Peru's highest pressures are governance (64, high) and adaptation (61). Its strongest area is social (36).

How might Peru's climate change by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 16% of Peru's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 68 to 72 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will Peru warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Peru is on track to warm by +3.1 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +42 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.0 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along Peru's coast?

Coastal sea level along Peru is projected to rise by +0.71 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.50 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in Peru?

The share of Peru under high water stress is projected to move from 15% today to 16% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in Peru?

The share of Peru exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 2.8% today to 3.9% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was Peru's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

Peru Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Americas
Subregion: South America
Income: Upper middle income
ISO: PER

Peru: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is Peru, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Medium 53 / 100

48 Climate Medium
53 Nature -1.0 Medium
36 Social Low
64 Governance High
61 Adaptation +0.6 High

Which hazards threaten Peru most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

6.6FloodHigh
1.8DRR capacityVery low

Peru in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

South America

#9 of 12 · median 50

Americas

#28 of 35 · median 44

Upper middle income

#46 of 53 · median 44

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

Compare Score a site here

Peru: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Peru is projected to warm +3.1 °C, with annual rainfall changing +42 mm.

+3.1 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +2.1 °C → +3.1 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +1.6 °C → +2.0 °C

Hottest month +3.9 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

+42 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +18 mm → +42 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +26 mm → +32 mm

Driest month -8 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

16%

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 14% → 16%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 14% → 17%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 15% today.

3.9%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 3.7% → 3.9%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 2.5% → 2.7%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 2.8% today.

Sea level

Peru: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 8 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.21 m → +0.71 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.17 m → +0.50 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Fossil Fuel Consumption	76.8 % of total	2022	75.9	+3.2	0.0
Energy Imports	12.2 % of energy use	2022	69.8	-1.3	-0.4
Renewable Energy Share	30.6 % of total energy	2021	68.2	-7.2	-12.2
Flood Risk	6.60 0-10	2026	66.0	+14.0	+24.0
Land Surface Temperature	26.9 deg C change	2021	64.1	-0.6	-1.2
Coastal Protection Needed	56.4 % coast	2020	43.4	-40.9	-25.9
Renewable Electricity Share	61.3 % of total	2021	38.7	-36.4	-29.4
Cooling Degree Days	2606 degree days	2020	35.7	-16.1	-30.4
PM2.5 Air Pollution	27.0 ug/m3	2020	27.6	+8.4	+9.0
Heating Degree Days	1960 degree days	2020	13.5	+12.1	+13.5
Access to Clean Fuels	88.1 % population	2022	11.9	+1.7	+6.4
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.31 kt CO2e per capita	2020	7.3	+0.3	+0.1
Energy Intensity	2.30 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2021	6.9	-9.7	-6.1
Energy Use Per Capita	827 kg oil eq per capita	2022	4.6	-3.7	-1.1
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	1.42 metric tons	2020	4.4	-3.3	-2.5
Heat Index	0.44 index	2020	0.3	+0.3	+0.1
Coal Electricity Share	0.28 % of total	2022	0.3	-16.4	-5.9

		Year		vs world	vs region
Environmental Treaties Engagement	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+23.7	+25.1
Earthquake Risk	9.60 0-10	2026	96.0	+61.0	+37.0
Dam Capacity	0.96 0-1	2023	95.6	+2.3	+9.0
Agricultural Capacity	0.91 0-1	2023	91.3	-0.5	+0.3
Tsunami Risk	9.10 0-10	2026	91.0	+80.0	+54.0
Paved Roads	0.87 0-1	2023	87.4	+32.4	+20.4
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.86 0-1	2023	86.4	+2.2	+4.1
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.84 0-1	2023	84.2	-2.3	-9.9
Protected Areas	16.8 % of land	2023	83.2	-5.7	-6.8
Urban Concentration	0.77 0-1	2023	77.3	+19.9	+10.2
Water Bodies Extent	25.4 % of land	2020	74.6	+53.0	+42.7
Projected Warm Period Change	0.71 0-1	2023	71.4	+3.7	+19.4
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.67 0-1	2023	66.8	+1.0	+1.0
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.64 0-1	2023	64.1	+1.9	+2.5
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.59 0-1	2023	58.8	+19.2	+9.4
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.58 0-1	2023	57.6	0.0	+1.7
Access to Reliable Drinking Water	0.49 0-1	2023	48.7	+28.3	+14.4
Age Dependency Ratio	0.47 0-1	2023	47.1	-5.6	+0.3
Food Production Index	128 index	2022	46.4	-20.7	-23.9
Projected Hydropower Change	0.43 0-1	2023	43.2	-0.5	0.0
Access to Improved Sanitation	0.43 0-1	2023	42.8	+3.5	-11.6
Forest Area	56.2 % of land	2022	40.5	-25.8	-12.1
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.39 0-1	2023	38.5	+20.1	+4.8
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.36 0-1	2023	36.4	+6.1	+6.1
Protected Biome Areas	0.36 0-1	2023	36.4	-4.6	+0.6
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.36 0-1	2023	35.8	-1.5	-11.0
Slum Population	0.35 0-1	2023	34.8	+18.3	+19.2
Freshwater Withdrawal	2.35 % of internal resources	2021	27.9	-22.4	-8.7
Threatened Mammal Species	53.0 count	2018	27.7	+22.5	+22.5
Projected Groundwater Change	0.28 0-1	2023	27.5	+1.3	+5.6
Projected Population Change	0.25 0-1	2023	24.5	+2.2	+4.5
Rural Population	0.23 0-1	2023	22.7	-19.9	-10.2
Agricultural Land	19.1 % of land	2022	22.1	-25.2	-12.3
Ecological Footprint	0.22 0-1	2023	22.0	-0.6	+0.1
Agriculture GDP Share	7.24 % of GDP	2023	20.1	+1.2	+3.6
Food Import Dependency	0.19 0-1	2023	19.5	-2.2	-5.6
Natural Resource Depletion	7.64 % of GNI	2021	13.3	+11.2	+11.0
Water Dependency Ratio	0.13 0-1	2023	12.7	+5.8	+10.8
Energy Import Dependency	0.12 0-1	2023	12.2	-13.5	-3.3
Natural Capital Dependency	0.11 0-1	2023	11.0	-10.8	-9.2
Population Below 5m	0.04 0-1	2023	4.0	-10.8	-10.1
Electricity Access	0.04 0-1	2023	3.8	+3.8	+3.6
Tree Cover Loss	225204 hectares	2021	3.5	+3.4	+3.2
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	0.03 0-1	2023	3.1	-10.4	-14.8
Child Malnutrition	0.02 0-1	2023	2.5	-11.3	-5.4
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.02 0-1	2023	2.0	-5.5	-1.4
Forest Depletion	0.13 % of GNI	2021	0.7	+0.6	+0.6
Dependency Ratio	0.01 0-1	2023	0.7	-6.1	-0.8
Water Stress	7.18 %	2021	0.2	-0.1	0.0
Disaster Preparedness	0.00 0-1	2023	0.0	-30.0	-25.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Uprooted People	9.20 0-10	2026	92.0	+33.0	+32.0
Hospital Beds	1.60 per 1,000	2021	90.0	+6.1	+2.9
Shared Prosperity Growth	-1.86 % annual	2023	86.9	+33.1	+30.5
Overweight Adults	68.1 % adults	2022	72.0	+16.0	+5.5
Income Share Bottom 20%	5.50 %	2023	65.6	0.0	-6.5
Net Migration	24783 persons	2023	55.9	+0.9	+0.9
GDP Growth	-0.40 % annual	2023	54.1	+5.2	+5.4
Safe Drinking Water	52.0 % population	2022	51.1	+29.6	+15.0
School Gender Parity	0.96 ratio	2021	50.9	+9.9	+8.5
Gini Coefficient	40.7 0-100	2023	50.6	-0.7	-13.8
Poverty Rate (National)	27.5 % population	2022	46.7	+14.2	+1.7
Sanitation Access	57.7 % population	2022	43.5	+3.5	-11.0
Development and Deprivation	3.70 0-10	2026	37.0	+7.0	+8.0
Primary School Enrollment	107 % gross	2023	34.6	-7.4	-8.9
Life Expectancy	77.7 years	2023	27.1	-12.4	-8.7
Education Expenditure	18.9 % of govt	2023	27.1	-20.0	-24.0
ESG Performance Score	2.26 0-100	2018	25.5	+0.5	+1.0
Communicable Disease Deaths	17.5 %	2019	25.4	+9.3	+8.9
Gender Labor Ratio	80.9 ratio F/M	2023	24.4	-2.6	-9.7
Fertility Rate	1.98 births per woman	2023	23.3	0.0	+5.1
Internet Users	79.5 % population	2023	23.1	+2.2	-1.2
Aging Population	8.99 % population	2023	21.3	+4.9	-1.0
Food Security	1.90 0-10	2026	19.0	+1.0	+1.0
Labor Participation	76.6 % (15+)	2023	18.7	-11.4	-11.5
Aid Dependency	1.80 0-10	2026	18.0	-7.0	-7.0
Unemployment Rate	4.90 %	2023	13.6	-0.6	-3.4
Under-5 Mortality Rate	15.8 per 1,000	2023	12.7	+0.5	+2.1
Undernourishment	7.00 % population	2022	9.2	+3.4	+4.7
Health Conditions	0.90 0-10	2026	9.0	+1.0	+1.0
Adult Literacy Rate	94.0 %	2020	8.7	0.0	0.0
Children Under 5	0.80 0-10	2026	8.0	-3.0	-2.0
Recent Shocks	0.70 0-10	2026	7.0	+6.0	+1.0
Access to Electricity	96.2 % population	2023	4.0	+4.0	+3.8
Population Density	26.2 people/km2	2022	0.1	-0.4	-0.2
Unmet Contraception Need	8.90 %	2023	0.0	-57.6	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	94.0 count	2021	100.0	0.0	0.0
Scientific Articles	4585 count	2022	99.5	-0.4	-0.5
R&D Expenditure	0.16 % of GDP	2022	97.9	+9.9	+2.3
Control of Corruption	-0.72 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	64.4	+8.8	+7.2
INFORM Governance Index	6.20 0-10	2026	62.0	+6.0	+6.0
Rule of Law	-0.54 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	60.8	+7.8	+4.6
Political Stability	-0.52 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	60.4	+10.6	+14.7
Government Effectiveness	-0.49 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	59.8	+8.1	+8.3
Voice and Accountability	0.06 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	48.8	-0.1	+9.5
Regulatory Quality	0.29 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	44.2	-8.5	-5.7
Healthcare Access	4.20 0-10	2026	42.0	+5.0	+13.0
Physical Infrastructure	4.20 0-10	2026	42.0	+12.0	+13.0
Legal Rights Strength	7.00 0-12	2019	41.7	-8.3	-16.6
Women in Parliament	38.8 % seats	2023	36.7	-21.5	-16.2
Communication Infrastructure	1.90 0-10	2026	19.0	-1.0	-1.0
Disaster Risk Reduction	1.80 0-10	2026	18.0	-23.5	-19.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Innovation (Readiness)	0.01 0-1	2023	98.6	+3.9	+0.8
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.26 0-1	2023	74.1	+9.8	+8.3
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.31 0-1	2023	68.7	+17.2	+0.4
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.40 0-1	2023	59.7	+7.8	+4.5
Doing Business Score	0.42 0-1	2023	57.6	-0.8	-3.8
Education (Readiness)	0.43 0-1	2023	57.3	-15.8	-11.7
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.48 0-1	2023	52.0	+8.9	+12.7
ICT Infrastructure	0.51 0-1	2023	49.5	+1.8	+4.6
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.56 0-1	2023	43.7	-8.9	-5.7

These indicators have site-level resolution. Score your exact location.

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is Peru?
Peru: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 53 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Peru's risk?
Peru's highest pressures are governance (64, high) and adaptation (61). Its strongest area is social (36).
How might Peru's climate change by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), about 16% of Peru's land shifts toward a warmer climate zone by 2080, lifting its climate-hazard pressure index from 68 to 72 out of 100. This Koppen-based outlook is a separate, forward-looking measure from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Peru warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Peru is on track to warm by +3.1 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +42 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +2.0 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along Peru's coast?
Coastal sea level along Peru is projected to rise by +0.71 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.50 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in Peru?
The share of Peru under high water stress is projected to move from 15% today to 16% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Peru?
The share of Peru exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 2.8% today to 3.9% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Peru's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.