Panama: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 44 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

What drives Panama's risk?

Panama's highest pressures are governance (66, high) and adaptation (62). Its strongest area is climate (16).

How might Panama's climate change by 2080?

Panama's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.

How much will Panama warm by 2080?

Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Panama is on track to warm by +2.7 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +190 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +1.8 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.

How much will sea levels rise along Panama's coast?

Coastal sea level along Panama is projected to rise by +0.82 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.61 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.

How will water stress change in Panama?

The share of Panama under high water stress is projected to move from 0% today to 0% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.

How will river-flood exposure change in Panama?

The share of Panama exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 1.3% today to 0.8% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.

When was Panama's risk data last updated?

Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.

Panama Climate risk profile and hazard map

Region: Americas
Subregion: Central America
Income: Upper middle income
ISO: PAN

Panama: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure.

Live events

Hourly disaster feed, shown alongside the standing risk below. Open the live map

How risky is Panama, overall?

The composite and its five dimensions. Higher means more risk.

Medium 44 / 100

16 Climate Very low
46 Nature +0.2 Medium
29 Social Low
66 Governance High
62 Adaptation +1.0 High

Which hazards threaten Panama most?

Physical hazard intensity. INFORM Risk Index, 0 to 10.

0.2FloodVery low
9.0DRR capacityCritical

Panama in global context

Risk-ranked against its cohorts. Click any country to open its page.

Central America

#2 of 8 · median 52

Americas

#17 of 35 · median 44

Upper middle income

#24 of 53 · median 44

Put two countries head to head

Compare with any neighbour on all risks and their 5-year trajectory.

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Panama: outlook from 2050 to 2100

Projected physical change under a moderate (SSP2-4.5) and a high (SSP5-8.5) emissions pathway.

By 2080 under a high-emissions pathway, Panama is projected to warm +2.7 °C, with annual rainfall changing +190 mm.

+2.7 °C

Temperature

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +1.9 °C → +2.7 °C
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +1.5 °C → +1.8 °C

Hottest month +2.8 °C by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

+190 mm

Precipitation

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +196 mm → +190 mm
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +221 mm → +251 mm

Driest month -2 mm by 2080 (SSP5-8.5).

Water stress

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 0% → 0%
Current path SSP3-7.0: 0% → 0%

Share of land under high or extreme water stress; 0% today.

0.8%

River flooding

20502080

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: 0.8% → 0.8%
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: 1.1% → 0.8%

Land exposed to a 100-year river flood; 1.3% today.

Sea level

Panama: under high emissions, a 100-year coastal flood in 2080 could reach 8 of its largest cities.

Coastal sea-level rise

20502100

Higher emissions SSP5-8.5: +0.26 m → +0.82 m
Lower emissions SSP2-4.5: +0.23 m → +0.61 m

Largest exposed cities

PopulationMax depth

Max depth: the deepest water within 12 km of the city center in a 100-year coastal flood in 2080, under RCP8.5 with high-end sea-level rise (95th percentile), ignoring flood defenses and land subsidence. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods.

Regional estimate for the country's coast (IPCC AR6 median), not the global average.

Projections from public CMIP6 (WorldClim 2.1, 5-model median, against a 1970-2000 baseline), WRI Aqueduct 4.0 and IPCC AR6 data. Monthly and bioclimatic aggregates, not daily-threshold indices. Forward-looking estimates, not a re-scored site risk.

Indicator panel

Every source-level indicator behind the dimensions above. Sort by score, value, or name.

		Year		vs world	vs region
Energy Imports	171 % of energy use	2022	82.5	+11.4	+12.3
Fossil Fuel Consumption	76.5 % of total	2022	75.5	+2.8	-0.4
Renewable Energy Share	28.0 % of total energy	2021	70.9	-4.5	-9.5
Land Surface Temperature	27.2 deg C change	2021	64.7	0.0	-0.6
Cooling Degree Days	4656 degree days	2020	63.7	+11.9	-2.4
Coastal Protection Needed	66.2 % coast	2020	56.1	-28.2	-13.2
Renewable Electricity Share	79.3 % of total	2021	20.7	-54.4	-47.4
PM2.5 Air Pollution	11.5 ug/m3	2020	8.2	-11.0	-10.4
CO2 Emissions Per Capita	2.23 metric tons	2020	7.0	-0.7	+0.1
N2O Emissions Per Capita	0.29 kt CO2e per capita	2020	6.8	-0.2	-0.4
Energy Use Per Capita	1063 kg oil eq per capita	2022	6.0	-2.3	+0.3
Coal Electricity Share	4.05 % of total	2022	4.2	-12.5	-2.0
Flood Risk	0.20 0-10	2026	2.0	-50.0	-40.0
Energy Intensity	1.41 MJ/$2017 PPP GDP	2021	1.8	-14.8	-11.2
Heat Index	0.17 index	2020	0.1	+0.1	-0.1
Heating Degree Days	3.95 degree days	2020	0.0	-1.4	0.0
Access to Clean Fuels	100 % population	2022	0.0	-10.3	-5.5

		Year		vs world	vs region
Energy Import Dependency	1.00 0-1	2023	100.0	+74.3	+84.5
Projected Cereal Yield Change	0.96 0-1	2023	96.0	+9.5	+1.9
Agricultural Capacity	0.91 0-1	2023	91.0	-0.8	0.0
Tsunami Risk	8.60 0-10	2026	86.0	+75.0	+49.0
Health Expenditure Per Capita	0.83 0-1	2023	82.5	-1.7	+0.2
Earthquake Risk	7.80 0-10	2026	78.0	+43.0	+19.0
Disaster Preparedness	0.72 0-1	2023	72.5	+42.5	+47.5
Protected Areas	27.7 % of land	2023	72.3	-16.6	-17.7
Urban Concentration	0.67 0-1	2023	67.1	+9.7	0.0
Projected Vector Disease Change	0.66 0-1	2023	65.9	+0.1	+0.1
Paved Roads	0.59 0-1	2023	58.7	+3.7	-8.3
Food Production Index	115 index	2022	58.3	-8.8	-12.0
Environmental Treaties Engagement	0.58 0-1	2023	58.3	-18.0	-16.6
Projected Warm Period Change	0.56 0-1	2023	55.6	-12.1	+3.6
Projected Marine Biodiversity Loss	0.50 0-1	2023	49.7	+12.5	+2.9
Age Dependency Ratio	0.50 0-1	2023	49.6	-3.1	+2.8
Dam Capacity	0.48 0-1	2023	47.6	-45.7	-38.9
Projected Biome Distribution Change	0.47 0-1	2023	47.1	-10.5	-8.8
Projected Annual Runoff Change	0.44 0-1	2023	43.8	+4.2	-5.6
Quality of Trade Infrastructure	0.44 0-1	2023	43.6	-18.5	-17.9
Projected Hydropower Change	0.43 0-1	2023	42.9	-0.8	-0.3
Forest Area	56.5 % of land	2022	40.2	-26.1	-12.4
Population Below 5m	0.36 0-1	2023	36.3	+21.5	+22.2
Water Bodies Extent	64.4 % of land	2020	35.6	+14.0	+3.8
Agricultural Land	29.4 % of land	2022	34.4	-12.9	0.0
Projected Flood Hazard Change	0.34 0-1	2023	33.6	+15.3	-0.1
Rural Population	0.33 0-1	2023	32.9	-9.7	0.0
Projected Climate-Related Deaths	0.30 0-1	2023	30.3	0.0	0.0
Protected Biome Areas	0.30 0-1	2023	29.6	-11.4	-6.2
Projected Population Change	0.29 0-1	2023	28.5	+6.2	+8.5
Projected Groundwater Change	0.29 0-1	2023	28.5	+2.3	+6.6
Food Import Dependency	0.26 0-1	2023	25.6	+3.9	+0.5
Ecological Footprint	0.22 0-1	2023	21.9	-0.7	0.0
Natural Capital Dependency	0.18 0-1	2023	18.4	-3.4	-1.8
Slum Population	0.16 0-1	2023	16.4	-0.1	+0.8
Freshwater Withdrawal	0.89 % of internal resources	2021	14.0	-36.3	-22.6
Projected Sea Level Rise Impact	0.14 0-1	2023	14.0	+0.5	-3.9
Threatened Mammal Species	17.0 count	2018	8.9	+3.7	+3.7
Agriculture GDP Share	2.45 % of GDP	2023	6.8	-12.1	-9.7
Child Malnutrition	0.05 0-1	2023	4.5	-9.3	-3.4
Electricity Access	0.03 0-1	2023	3.0	+3.0	+2.8
Natural Resource Depletion	1.33 % of GNI	2021	2.3	+0.2	-0.1
Water Dependency Ratio	0.02 0-1	2023	1.9	-5.0	0.0
Dependency Ratio	0.01 0-1	2023	1.4	-5.4	-0.1
Freshwater Withdrawal Rate	0.01 0-1	2023	0.7	-6.8	-2.7
Tree Cover Loss	24390 hectares	2021	0.4	+0.3	+0.1
Forest Depletion	0.00 % of GNI	2021	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Water Stress	0.90 %	2021	0.0	-0.3	-0.2

		Year		vs world	vs region
Income Share Bottom 20%	3.70 %	2023	95.1	+29.5	+23.0
Hospital Beds	1.92 per 1,000	2020	86.3	+7.3	0.0
Gini Coefficient	48.9 0-100	2023	81.3	+30.0	+16.9
Shared Prosperity Growth	-1.43 % annual	2023	80.2	+26.4	+23.8
Overweight Adults	71.6 % adults	2022	76.4	+20.4	+9.9
Uprooted People	6.30 0-10	2026	63.0	+4.0	+3.0
Net Migration	7262 persons	2023	55.3	+0.3	+0.3
Education Expenditure	11.9 % of govt	2023	54.0	+6.9	+2.9
Primary School Enrollment	94.6 % gross	2023	44.4	+2.4	+0.9
ESG Performance Score	2.03 0-100	2018	43.1	+18.1	+18.6
GDP Growth	7.40 % annual	2023	41.7	-7.2	-7.0
School Gender Parity	1.01 ratio	2021	39.0	-2.0	-3.4
Gender Labor Ratio	67.7 ratio F/M	2023	37.9	+10.9	+3.8
Labor Participation	70.5 % (15+)	2023	28.0	-2.1	-2.2
Aid Dependency	2.70 0-10	2026	27.0	+2.0	+2.0
Fertility Rate	2.12 births per woman	2023	25.8	+2.5	+7.6
Poverty Rate (National)	21.8 % population	2021	25.5	+4.9	-7.3
Internet Users	78.0 % population	2023	24.7	+3.8	+0.4
Aging Population	9.06 % population	2023	21.5	+5.1	-0.8
Life Expectancy	79.6 years	2023	21.2	-18.3	-14.6
Communicable Disease Deaths	13.4 %	2019	18.9	+2.8	+2.4
Unemployment Rate	6.54 %	2023	18.3	+4.1	+1.3
Development and Deprivation	1.20 0-10	2026	12.0	-18.0	-17.0
Food Security	1.10 0-10	2026	11.0	-7.0	-7.0
Under-5 Mortality Rate	13.3 per 1,000	2023	10.5	-1.7	-0.1
Health Conditions	0.90 0-10	2026	9.0	+1.0	+1.0
Children Under 5	0.90 0-10	2026	9.0	-2.0	-1.0
Undernourishment	5.60 % population	2022	6.4	+0.6	+1.9
Adult Literacy Rate	96.0 %	2019	5.7	-5.0	-1.4
Recent Shocks	0.40 0-10	2026	4.0	+3.0	-2.0
Access to Electricity	97.0 % population	2023	3.2	+3.2	+3.0
Population Density	59.3 people/km2	2022	0.3	-0.2	0.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Patent Applications	35.0 count	2021	100.0	0.0	0.0
Scientific Articles	376 count	2022	100.0	+0.1	0.0
R&D Expenditure	0.16 % of GDP	2023	92.0	+5.7	+6.6
Disaster Risk Reduction	9.00 0-10	2026	90.0	+48.5	+53.0
Women in Parliament	22.5 % seats	2023	63.2	+5.0	+10.3
Control of Corruption	-0.63 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	62.6	+7.0	+5.4
Rule of Law	-0.35 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	56.9	+3.9	+0.7
INFORM Governance Index	5.60 0-10	2026	56.0	0.0	0.0
Government Effectiveness	-0.21 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	54.2	+2.5	+2.7
Regulatory Quality	0.12 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	47.6	-5.1	-2.3
Political Stability	0.21 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	45.7	-4.1	0.0
Voice and Accountability	0.55 -2.5 to +2.5	2023	39.0	-9.9	-0.3
Physical Infrastructure	3.50 0-10	2026	35.0	+5.0	+6.0
Legal Rights Strength	8.00 0-12	2019	33.3	-16.7	-25.0
Healthcare Access	2.40 0-10	2026	24.0	-13.0	-5.0
Communication Infrastructure	1.50 0-10	2026	15.0	-5.0	-5.0

		Year		vs world	vs region
Innovation (Readiness)	0.04 0-1	2023	96.2	+1.5	-1.6
Social Inequality (Readiness)	0.24 0-1	2023	76.1	+24.6	+7.8
Control of Corruption (Readiness)	0.28 0-1	2023	71.9	+7.6	+6.1
Education (Readiness)	0.35 0-1	2023	65.2	-7.8	-3.8
Doing Business Score	0.38 0-1	2023	61.7	+3.3	+0.3
Regulatory Quality (Readiness)	0.44 0-1	2023	55.9	+3.9	+0.7
Rule of Law (Readiness)	0.53 0-1	2023	47.2	-5.4	-2.2
ICT Infrastructure	0.55 0-1	2023	44.9	-2.8	0.0
Political Stability (Readiness)	0.61 0-1	2023	39.3	-3.8	0.0

These indicators have site-level resolution. Score your exact location.

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Common questions

Answer-first, drawn from the same data above.

How risky is Panama?
Panama: mid-pack overall, with governance the main pressure. Its overall risk score is 44 out of 100 (medium), blended from World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.
What drives Panama's risk?
Panama's highest pressures are governance (66, high) and adaptation (62). Its strongest area is climate (16).
How might Panama's climate change by 2080?
Panama's climate zones stay broadly stable through 2080 even under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5); its Koppen-based climate-hazard pressure index holds near 76 out of 100. This forward-looking outlook is separate from the historical ND-GAIN scores.
How much will Panama warm by 2080?
Under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), Panama is on track to warm by +2.7 °C by 2080, with annual precipitation changing by +190 mm; under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5) the warming is about +1.8 °C. Based on CMIP6 multi-model projections against a 1970-2000 baseline.
How much will sea levels rise along Panama's coast?
Coastal sea level along Panama is projected to rise by +0.82 m by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), and by about +0.61 m under lower emissions (SSP2-4.5). Based on the regional median of IPCC AR6 projections.
How will water stress change in Panama?
The share of Panama under high water stress is projected to move from 0% today to 0% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct projections.
How will river-flood exposure change in Panama?
The share of Panama exposed to river flooding is projected to move from 1.3% today to 0.8% by 2080 under a high-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). Based on WRI Aqueduct riverine-flood projections.
When was Panama's risk data last updated?
Updated September 2026, drawing on World Bank, INFORM Risk Index and ND-GAIN Country Index.